Oxylipins: Structurally diverse metabolites from fatty acid oxidation

Oxylipins are lipophilic signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Initial fatty acid oxidation occurs mainly by the enzymatic or chemical formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides. An array of alternative reactions further converting fatty acid hydroperoxides gives...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plant physiology and biochemistry 2009-06, Vol.47 (6), p.511-517
Main Authors: Mosblech, Alina, Feussner, Ivo, Heilmann, Ingo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Biosynthetic Pathways
Cyp74
Fatty acid peroxides
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Lipid metabolism
Lipid peroxidation
Lipid signaling
Lipoxygenase pathway
Oxylipins - chemistry
Oxylipins - metabolism
Plant physiology and development
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Plants - enzymology
Plants - metabolism
Signal Transduction
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Summary:Oxylipins are lipophilic signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Initial fatty acid oxidation occurs mainly by the enzymatic or chemical formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides. An array of alternative reactions further converting fatty acid hydroperoxides gives rise to a multitude of oxylipin classes, many with reported signaling functions in plants. Oxylipins include the phytohormone, jasmonic acid, and a number of other molecules including hydroxy-, oxo- or keto-fatty acids or volatile aldehydes that may perform various biological roles as second messengers, messengers in inter-organismic signaling, or even as bactericidal agents. The structural diversity of oxylipins is further increased by esterification of the compounds in plastidial glycolipids, for instance the Arabidopsides, or by conjugation of oxylipins to amino acids or other metabolites. The enzymes involved in oxylipin metabolism are diverse and comprise a multitude of examples with interesting and unusual catalytic properties. In addition, the interplay of different subcellular compartments during oxylipin biosynthesis suggests complex mechanisms of regulation that are not well understood. This review aims at giving an overview of plant oxylipins and the multitude of enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis.
ISSN:0981-9428
1873-2690
DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.12.011