Supplementation and delivery of n-3 fatty acids through spray-dried milk reduce serum and liver lipids in rats

Indian diets comprising staples such as cereals, millets, and pulses provide 4.8 energy % from linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) but fail to deliver adequate amounts of n−3 FA. Consumption of long‐chain n−3 PUFA such as EPA (20∶5n−3) and DHA (22∶6n−3) is restricted to those who consume fish. The majority of t...

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Published in:Lipids 2004-07, Vol.39 (7), p.627-632
Main Authors: Ramaprasad, T.R, Baskaran, V, Sambaiah, K, Lokesh, B.R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alpha-linolenic acid
Animals
blood lipids
Cardiovascular diseases
Cholesterol
Diet
dietary fat
Dietary Fats - administration & dosage
Dietary Supplements
docosahexaenoic acid
dried milk
eicosapentaenoic acid
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage
Fish oils
food additives
food fortification
Food, Formulated
Humans
India
linolenic acid
linseed oil
Lipids
Lipids - blood
Liver - chemistry
Male
Milk
Milk - chemistry
Oils - administration & dosage
omega-3 fatty acids
peanut oil
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Risk factors
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3967-a37c7c79acb24c730cb1e68c2204e3e60e4a2e303da06898529ec144889678153
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Lokesh, B.R
description Indian diets comprising staples such as cereals, millets, and pulses provide 4.8 energy % from linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) but fail to deliver adequate amounts of n−3 FA. Consumption of long‐chain n−3 PUFA such as EPA (20∶5n−3) and DHA (22∶6n−3) is restricted to those who consume fish. The majority of the Indian population, however, are vegetarians needing additional dietary sources of n−3 PUFA. The present work was designed to use n−3 FA‐enriched spray‐dired milk powder to provide n−3 FA. Whole milk was supplemented with linseed oil to provide α‐linolenic acid (LNA, 18∶3n−3), with fish oil to provide EPA and DHA, or with groundnut oil (GNO), which is devoid of n−3 PUFA, and then spray‐dired. Male Wistar rats were fed the spray‐dired milk formulations for 60 d. The rats given formulations containing n−3 FA showed significant increases (P
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s11745-004-1275-6
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Consumption of long‐chain n−3 PUFA such as EPA (20∶5n−3) and DHA (22∶6n−3) is restricted to those who consume fish. The majority of the Indian population, however, are vegetarians needing additional dietary sources of n−3 PUFA. The present work was designed to use n−3 FA‐enriched spray‐dired milk powder to provide n−3 FA. Whole milk was supplemented with linseed oil to provide α‐linolenic acid (LNA, 18∶3n−3), with fish oil to provide EPA and DHA, or with groundnut oil (GNO), which is devoid of n−3 PUFA, and then spray‐dired. Male Wistar rats were fed the spray‐dired milk formulations for 60 d. The rats given formulations containing n−3 FA showed significant increases (P&lt;0.001) in the levels of LNA or EPA/DHA in the serum and in tissue as compared with those fed the GNO control formulation. Rats fed formulations containing n−3 FA had 30–35% lower levels of serum total cholesterol and 25–30% lower levels of serum TAG than control animals. Total cholesterol and TAG in the livers of rats fed the formulations containing n−3 FA were lower by 18–30% and 11–18%, respectively, compared with control animals. This study showed that spray‐dried milk formulations supplemented with n−3 FA are an effective means of improving dietary n−3 FA intake, which may decrease the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0024-4201</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-9307</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1275-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15588019</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer‐Verlag</publisher><subject>alpha-linolenic acid ; Animals ; blood lipids ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; dietary fat ; Dietary Fats - administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Supplements ; docosahexaenoic acid ; dried milk ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration &amp; dosage ; Fish oils ; food additives ; food fortification ; Food, Formulated ; Humans ; India ; linolenic acid ; linseed oil ; Lipids ; Lipids - blood ; Liver - chemistry ; Male ; Milk ; Milk - chemistry ; Oils - administration &amp; dosage ; omega-3 fatty acids ; peanut oil ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Risk factors</subject><ispartof>Lipids, 2004-07, Vol.39 (7), p.627-632</ispartof><rights>2004 American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS)</rights><rights>Copyright AOCS Press Jul 2004</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3967-a37c7c79acb24c730cb1e68c2204e3e60e4a2e303da06898529ec144889678153</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3967-a37c7c79acb24c730cb1e68c2204e3e60e4a2e303da06898529ec144889678153</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15588019$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ramaprasad, T.R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baskaran, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sambaiah, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lokesh, B.R</creatorcontrib><title>Supplementation and delivery of n-3 fatty acids through spray-dried milk reduce serum and liver lipids in rats</title><title>Lipids</title><addtitle>Lipids</addtitle><description>Indian diets comprising staples such as cereals, millets, and pulses provide 4.8 energy % from linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) but fail to deliver adequate amounts of n−3 FA. 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Total cholesterol and TAG in the livers of rats fed the formulations containing n−3 FA were lower by 18–30% and 11–18%, respectively, compared with control animals. This study showed that spray‐dried milk formulations supplemented with n−3 FA are an effective means of improving dietary n−3 FA intake, which may decrease the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer‐Verlag</pub><pmid>15588019</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11745-004-1275-6</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record>
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ispartof Lipids, 2004-07, Vol.39 (7), p.627-632
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1558-9307
language eng
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source Wiley; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects alpha-linolenic acid
Animals
blood lipids
Cardiovascular diseases
Cholesterol
Diet
dietary fat
Dietary Fats - administration & dosage
Dietary Supplements
docosahexaenoic acid
dried milk
eicosapentaenoic acid
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage
Fish oils
food additives
food fortification
Food, Formulated
Humans
India
linolenic acid
linseed oil
Lipids
Lipids - blood
Liver - chemistry
Male
Milk
Milk - chemistry
Oils - administration & dosage
omega-3 fatty acids
peanut oil
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Risk factors
title Supplementation and delivery of n-3 fatty acids through spray-dried milk reduce serum and liver lipids in rats
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