Vasopressin and oxytocin release within the brain: a dynamic concept of multiple and variable modes of neuropeptide communication

As exemplified particularly with vasopressin and oxytocin, release of neuropeptides within the brain occurs from dendrites, somata, and axons of neurosecretory neurons; mechanisms include activation of intracellular Ca 2+ stores, changed strength of synaptic input and altered interaction between tra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 2004-09, Vol.25 (3), p.150-176
Main Authors: Landgraf, Rainer, Neumann, Inga D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anxiety
Blood–brain barrier
Brain - cytology
Brain - physiology
Cell Communication - physiology
CRF
CSF
Dendritic release
Feedback, Physiological
HAB
Humans
Microdialysis
Nerve Net - physiology
Neurons - physiology
Oxytocin - biosynthesis
Oxytocin - cerebrospinal fluid
Oxytocin - physiology
Social behavior
Vasopressins - biosynthesis
Vasopressins - cerebrospinal fluid
Vasopressins - physiology
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Description
Summary:As exemplified particularly with vasopressin and oxytocin, release of neuropeptides within the brain occurs from dendrites, somata, and axons of neurosecretory neurons; mechanisms include activation of intracellular Ca 2+ stores, changed strength of synaptic input and altered interaction between transcription factors and gene promoters. Upon demand, both diffuse spread of neuropeptides in the extracellular fluid following dendritic release and focal release from axonal terminals may contribute to regionally and temporally varying combinations of neuromodulator and neurotransmitter actions, thus providing a theoretically unlimited variability in interneuronal signaling. Thus, instead of favoring volume or synaptic transmission following central neuropeptide release, a more dynamic concept is presented with multiple and variable modes of release and communication. This concept considers neuropeptides in the extracellular fluid of the brain rather than those in the cerebrospinal fluid or plasma as primary signals, triggering a variety of receptor-mediated effects, including those underlying behavioral and neuroendocrine regulation and psychopathology.
ISSN:0091-3022
1095-6808
DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2004.05.001