Androgen-independent prostate cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases: Lessons from a rapid autopsy program

Understanding the biology of prostate cancer metastasis has been limited by the lack of tissue for study. We studied the clinical data, distribution of prostate cancer involvement, morphology, immunophenotypes, and gene expression from 30 rapid autopsies of men who died of hormone-refractory prostat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer research (Chicago, Ill.) Ill.), 2004-12, Vol.64 (24), p.9209-9216
Main Authors: SHAH, Rajal B, MEHRA, Rohit, KIM, Robert, RUBIN, Mark A, PIENTA, Kenneth J, CHINNAIYAN, Arul M, RONGLAI SHEN, GHOSH, Debashis, MING ZHOU, MACVICAR, Gary R, VARAMBALLY, Soorynarayana, HARWOOD, Jason, BISMAR, Tarek A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antineoplastic agents
Autopsy
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers, Tumor - biosynthesis
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
Cluster Analysis
Gene Expression Profiling
Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics
Humans
Immunophenotyping
Male
Male genital diseases
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - classification
Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - metabolism
Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - pathology
Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Prostatic Neoplasms - classification
Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics
Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism
Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology
Protein Array Analysis
Tumors
Tumors of the urinary system
Urinary tract. Prostate gland
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Summary:Understanding the biology of prostate cancer metastasis has been limited by the lack of tissue for study. We studied the clinical data, distribution of prostate cancer involvement, morphology, immunophenotypes, and gene expression from 30 rapid autopsies of men who died of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. A tissue microarray was constructed and quantitatively evaluated for expression of prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, chromogranin, synaptophysin, MIB-1, and alpha-methylacylCoA-racemase markers. Hierarchical clustering of 16 rapid autopsy tumor samples was performed to evaluate the cDNA expression pattern associated with the morphology. Comparisons were made between patients as well as within the same patient. Metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer has a heterogeneous morphology, immunophenotype, and genotype, demonstrating that "metastatic disease" is a group of diseases even within the same patient. An appreciation of this heterogeneity is critical to evaluating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as to designing therapeutic targets for advanced disease.
ISSN:0008-5472
1538-7445
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2442