Mechanisms of Protein Import and Routing in Chloroplasts

The vast majority of the ∼3000 different proteins required to build a fully functional chloroplast are encoded by the nuclear genome and translated on cytosolic ribosomes. As chloroplasts are each surrounded by a double-membrane system, or envelope, sophisticated mechanisms are necessary to mediate...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current Biology 2004-12, Vol.14 (24), p.R1064-R1077
Main Authors: Jarvis, Paul, Robinson, Colin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cell Nucleus - genetics
Cell Nucleus - metabolism
Chloroplasts - metabolism
Chloroplasts - physiology
Intracellular Membranes - metabolism
Membrane Proteins - metabolism
Models, Biological
Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins - metabolism
Protein Processing, Post-Translational - physiology
Protein Sorting Signals - physiology
Protein Transport - physiology
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Summary:The vast majority of the ∼3000 different proteins required to build a fully functional chloroplast are encoded by the nuclear genome and translated on cytosolic ribosomes. As chloroplasts are each surrounded by a double-membrane system, or envelope, sophisticated mechanisms are necessary to mediate the import of these nucleus-encoded proteins into chloroplasts. Once inside the organelle, many chloroplast proteins engage one of four additional protein sorting mechanisms that direct targeting to the internal thylakoid membrane system.
ISSN:0960-9822
1879-0445
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.049