IL-1-regulated responses in astrocytes: Relevance to injury and recovery

In the central nervous system (CNS), the cellular processes of astrocytes make intimate contact with essentially all areas of the brain. They have also been shown to be functionally coupled to neurons, oligodendrocytes, and other astrocytes via both contact‐dependent and non‐contact‐dependent pathwa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Glia 2005-01, Vol.49 (2), p.161-176
Main Authors: John, Gareth R., Lee, Sunhee C., Song, Xianyuan, Rivieccio, Mark, Brosnan, Celia F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
astrocytes
Astrocytes - immunology
Biological and medical sciences
Central Nervous System - immunology
Central Nervous System - physiopathology
Cytokines - genetics
Cytokines - immunology
Encephalitis - genetics
Encephalitis - immunology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Expression Regulation - genetics
Gene Expression Regulation - immunology
Growth Substances - genetics
Growth Substances - immunology
Humans
IL-1-regulated responses
injury
Interleukin-1 - genetics
Interleukin-1 - immunology
Isolated neuron and nerve. Neuroglia
recovery
Recovery of Function - genetics
Recovery of Function - immunology
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
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Summary:In the central nervous system (CNS), the cellular processes of astrocytes make intimate contact with essentially all areas of the brain. They have also been shown to be functionally coupled to neurons, oligodendrocytes, and other astrocytes via both contact‐dependent and non‐contact‐dependent pathways. These observations have led to the suggestion that a major function of astrocytes in the CNS is to maintain the homeostatic environment, thus promoting the proper functioning of the neuronal network. Inflammation in the CNS disrupts this process either transiently or permanently and, as such, is thought to be tightly regulated by both astrocytes and microglia. The remarkable role that single cytokines, such as TNF and IL‐1, may play in this process has now been well accepted, but the extent of the reprogramming of the transcriptional machinery initiated by these factors remains to be fully appreciated. With the advent of microarray technology, a more comprehensive analysis of this process is now available. In this report we review data obtained with this technology to provide an overview of the extent of changes induced in astrocytes by the cytokine IL‐1. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ISSN:0894-1491
1098-1136
DOI:10.1002/glia.20109