The biology of chromatin remodeling complexes

The packaging of chromosomal DNA by nucleosomes condenses and organizes the genome, but occludes many regulatory DNA elements. However, this constraint also allows nucleosomes and other chromatin components to actively participate in the regulation of transcription, chromosome segregation, DNA repli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of biochemistry 2009-01, Vol.78 (1), p.273-304
Main Authors: Clapier, Cedric R, Cairns, Bradley R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine triphosphatase
Animals
Chromatin
Chromatin - metabolism
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
Chromosomes
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Genes
Genomics
Humans
Nucleosomes - metabolism
Plants - chemistry
Plants - genetics
Plants - metabolism
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Summary:The packaging of chromosomal DNA by nucleosomes condenses and organizes the genome, but occludes many regulatory DNA elements. However, this constraint also allows nucleosomes and other chromatin components to actively participate in the regulation of transcription, chromosome segregation, DNA replication, and DNA repair. To enable dynamic access to packaged DNA and to tailor nucleosome composition in chromosomal regions, cells have evolved a set of specialized chromatin remodeling complexes (remodelers). Remodelers use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move, destabilize, eject, or restructure nucleosomes. Here, we address many aspects of remodeler biology: their targeting, mechanism, regulation, shared and unique properties, and specialization for particular biological processes. We also address roles for remodelers in development, cancer, and human syndromes.
ISSN:0066-4154
1545-4509
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062706.153223