Hyposmia and executive dysfunction as predictors of future Parkinson's disease: A prospective study

Olfactory deficits and executive dysfunction are early and common symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown that hyposmia can be a first sign of PD. The aim of the present study was to determine which of three olfactory tests and two selected tests of executive function...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Movement disorders 2009-05, Vol.24 (7), p.1060-1065
Main Authors: Ponsen, Mirthe M., Stoffers, Diederick, Twisk, Jos W.R., Wolters, Erik Ch, Berendse, Henk W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Biological and medical sciences
cognition
Cognition Disorders - etiology
Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases
early diagnosis
Family Health
Female
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Neurologic Examination
Neurology
Neuropsychological Tests
olfaction
Olfaction Disorders - complications
Parkinson Disease - diagnosis
Parkinson Disease - etiology
Parkinson's disease
preclinical period
Predictive Value of Tests
Problem Solving - physiology
Regression Analysis
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Summary:Olfactory deficits and executive dysfunction are early and common symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown that hyposmia can be a first sign of PD. The aim of the present study was to determine which of three olfactory tests and two selected tests of executive function would be the best predictor of future PD over a 5 year period. In a cohort of 361 nonparkinsonian, nondemented first‐degree relatives of PD patients, in whom alternative causes of olfactory dysfunction were excluded, we measured baseline performance on three olfactory and two executive function tasks. Five years from baseline, clinical neurological evaluation and/or a screening questionnaire, sensitive to the presence of Parkinsonism, were used to detect individuals developing clinical PD. Our results show that in first degree relatives of PD patients worse performance on each of three olfactory processing tasks was associated with an increased risk of developing PD within 5 years, whereas performance on selected tests of executive dysfunction was not associated with an increased risk of developing PD. Interestingly, impaired odor discrimination was the best predictor for future PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
ISSN:0885-3185
1531-8257
DOI:10.1002/mds.22534