The evolving role of spinal agents in acute pain

Local anesthetics and opioids were among the earliest pharmacologic agents used for intrathecal injection. Side-effect profiles have limited the use of additional agents and, after a century of clinical use, local anesthetics and opioids remain the most widely used intrathecal or epidural medication...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current pain and headache reports 2005-02, Vol.9 (1), p.17-23
Main Authors: Heitz, James W, Viscusi, Eugene R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anesthetics, Local - administration & dosage
Anesthetics, Local - therapeutic use
Drug Delivery Systems
Humans
Injections, Epidural
Injections, Spinal
Local anesthesia
Medical malpractice
Narcotics
Narcotics - administration & dosage
Narcotics - therapeutic use
Palliative Care - trends
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Summary:Local anesthetics and opioids were among the earliest pharmacologic agents used for intrathecal injection. Side-effect profiles have limited the use of additional agents and, after a century of clinical use, local anesthetics and opioids remain the most widely used intrathecal or epidural medications.
ISSN:1531-3433
1534-3081
DOI:10.1007/s11916-005-0070-z