Immunogenetic Risks of Anti-Cyclical Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies in a North American Native Population with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their First-degree Relatives

• Published in: Journal of rheumatology 2009-06, Vol.36 (6), p.1130-1135
• Main Authors: EI-GABALAWY, Hani S, ROBINSON, David B, CHEANG, Mary, OEN, Kiem, HART, Donna, ELIAS, Brenda, MARKLAND, Janet, PESCHKEN, Christine A, SMOLIK, Irene, MONTES-ALDANA, Gabriela, SCHROEDER, Marlis, FRITZLER, Marvin J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - ethnology; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - genetics; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - immunology; Biological and medical sciences; Canada - epidemiology; Diseases of the osteoarticular system; Family Health; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; HLA-DR Antigens - genetics; HLA-DRB1 Chains; Humans; Indians, North American; Inflammatory joint diseases; Male; Medical sciences; Peptides, Cyclic - immunology; Sequence Analysis, DNA
• ISSN: 0315-162X; 1499-2752
• DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080855

Objective. To determine the prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies in unaffected relatives of North American Native probands with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); and the associations of the shared epitope (SE) and HLA-DRB1*0901 with RA and anti-CCP antibodies. Methods. The subjects were RA probands, affected relatives, unaffected first-degree (FDR) and more distant relatives, and unaffected controls from the same population. HLA-DRB1 typing was determined by DNA sequencing and anti-CCP antibodies were determined by ELISA. Results. DRB1*0901, SE, and SE/DRB1*0901 genotypes were all associated with RA. SE/DRB1*0901, but not other SE genotypes, was associated with disease onset at age < 16 years. The frequency of anti-CCP antibodies was 82% in RA probands, 17% in FDR, 11% in more distant relatives, and 3% in controls. Among unaffected relatives, a significant increased risk of anti-CCP was associated with SE/DRB1*0901 genotype, but not with SE. Conclusion. An independent association of the non-SE allele DRB1*0901 with RA was confirmed in this population, and this allele in combination with a SE allele was associated with younger age at disease onset. FDR of RA probands have a higher prevalence of anti-CCP antibodies than more distant relatives and unrelated controls, suggesting a gradient of risk for disease development. Immunogenetic risks may act early in disease pathogenesis at the level of initiation of RA autoantibody formation; however, it is not clear what additional genetic and environmental risks are involved in progression to clinical disease.