Cutaneous necrosis by calcific uremic arteriolopathy

• Published in: International journal of dermatology 2005-02, Vol.44 (2), p.101-106
• Main Authors: Galimberti, Ricardo Luis, Dos Ramos Farias, Eduardo, Hidalgo Parra, Isabel, Algranati, Luis, Kowalczuk, Alicia, Imperiali, Nora, Greloni, Gustavo Cristian, Galimberti, Gastón
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Biological and medical sciences; Calciphylaxis - complications; Calciphylaxis - pathology; Dermatology; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic - complications; Kidney Failure, Chronic - pathology; Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Necrosis - etiology; Necrosis - pathology; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; Nephropathies. Renovascular diseases. Renal failure; Renal Dialysis; Renal failure; Skin - pathology; Skin Diseases, Vascular - etiology; Skin Diseases, Vascular - pathology
• ISSN: 0011-9059; 1365-4632
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02169.x

Background  Calcific uremic arteriolopathy is a rare and serious disorder characterized by systemic medial calcification of the arteries and tissue ischemia. Most often it is found in patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis and in renal transplant recipients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Methods  We report six patients with end‐stage renal disease [five on hemodialysis (one with a nonfunctioning renal graft) and one on peritoneal dialysis] who developed painful livedo reticularis and skin necrosis of the limbs. All had secondary hyperparathyroidism and elevated calcium–phosphorus product. Our patients presented with the following clinical features: white race (six patients), hypoalbuminemia (three patients), diabetes (one patient), and obesity (four patients). Results  Subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in three cases. Despite this procedure, two patients died; one patient survived and his lesions healed. One patient was treated with aggressive wound care and hemodialysis (with low dialysate calcium concentration and Renagel phosphorus binders) and one patient received only local wound care, both with improvement of their lesions. In one case, no therapy was performed because the patient died immediately after diagnosis. Conclusions  The three patients who survived (Cases 4, 5 and 6) had distal lesions, normal serum albumin, and an early diagnosis. There was a relationship between the outcome of the patients and these factors, rather than the type of treatment received.