Categorical versus dimensional models of eating disorders: An examination of the evidence

• Published in: The International journal of eating disorders 2005-01, Vol.37 (1), p.1-10
• Main Authors: Williamson, Donald A., Gleaves, David H., Stewart, Tiffany M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: anorexia nervosa; binge eating disorder; bulimia nervosa; classification; Eating disorders; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Feeding and Eating Disorders - classification; Feeding and Eating Disorders - psychology; Humans; Models, Psychological; Research methodology; Syndrome; taxometric analysis
• ISSN: 0276-3478; 1098-108X
• DOI: 10.1002/eat.20074

Objective Eating disorders have been conceptualized as discrete syndromes or categories and as dimensions that differ in degree among individuals. Until recently, researchers have not directly addressed which of these models, categorical versus dimensional, is most valid. Methods The primary objective of this review was to examine the evidence related to the validity of dimensional versus categorical models of eating disorders. Results Findings from a series of taxometric studies have suggested that a conceptual representation of eating disorders may involve a latent taxon, related to binge eating (and possibly purging), and one or more dimensions. These studies found that binge eating was identified as a factor that does not occur on a continuum with anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype. Restricting subtype anorexia is continuous with normalcy, however. Discussion These findings should be viewed as preliminary evidence that may have implications for the etiology, assessment, prevention, and treatment of eating disorders. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.