Bone Regeneration with Autologous Plasma, Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, and Porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate in Nonhuman Primates

• Published in: Tissue engineering. Part A 2009-07, Vol.15 (7), p.1489-1499
• Main Authors: Torigoe, Ichiro, Sotome, Shinichi, Tsuchiya, Akio, Yoshii, Toshitaka, Maehara, Hidetsugu, Sugata, Yumi, Ichinose, Shizuko, Shinomiya, Kenichi, Okawa, Atsushi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Bone and Bones - cytology; Bone and Bones - drug effects; Bone Marrow Cells - cytology; Bone Marrow Cells - drug effects; Bone Regeneration - drug effects; Calcium Phosphates - pharmacology; Culture Media; Fibrin - pharmacology; Humans; Macaca fascicularis - physiology; Male; Original Articles; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Plasma - metabolism; Porosity - drug effects; Primates; Prosthesis Implantation; Stromal Cells - cytology; Stromal Cells - drug effects
• ISSN: 1937-3341; 1937-335X
• DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0317

To potentiate the bone formation capability of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) constructs, we devised an autologous plasma-based construct. We tested its effectiveness and investigated the effects of its components on a monkey ectopic bone formation model. The autologous plasma (platelet-rich plasma, PRP, or platelet-poor plasma, PPP)/BMSC/β-TCP construct (R group or P group) showed significantly more bone formation at 3 and 6 weeks after implantation than a conventional BMSC/β-TCP construct using a culture medium (M group). There was no significant difference between the P and R groups. Moreover, the P group constructs with a 10-fold lower cell concentration yielded equivalent bone formation to the M group at 5 weeks after implantation. To elucidate the effect of fibrin and serum contained in the plasma, five constructs were prepared using the following cell vehicles: autologous serum+fibrinogen (0, 1, 4, or 16 mg/mL) or phosphate-buffered saline+fibrinogen (4 mg/mL). The serum+fibrinogen (4 mg/mL, physiological concentration of monkeys) construct showed the most abundant bone formation at 3 weeks after implantation, though at 5 weeks no statistical difference existed among the groups. Autologous plasma efficiently promoted osteogenesis of BMSCs/porous β-TCP constructs, and both fibrin and serum proved to play significant roles in the mechanism.