Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: An Interesting Case and a Review of the Positron Emission Tomography Literature

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated neurocognitive disorder can manifest with a variety of neurologic, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. We report a case of a 49-year-old non-HIV risk woman with an occult HIV infection who posed a diagnostic challenge as she suffered from a HIV-1-as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical nuclear medicine 2009-08, Vol.34 (8), p.496-499
Main Authors: Meyer, Philipp T, Gobbelé, Rene, Ludolph, Alexander, Schaefer, Wolfgang M, Waberski, Till-Dino, Schiel, Michael
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Diagnosis, Differential
Female
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
HIV Infections - complications
HIV-1 - pathogenicity
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Middle Aged
Nervous System Diseases - complications
Nervous System Diseases - diagnostic imaging
Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology
Nervous System Diseases - virology
Positron-Emission Tomography
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Summary:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated neurocognitive disorder can manifest with a variety of neurologic, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. We report a case of a 49-year-old non-HIV risk woman with an occult HIV infection who posed a diagnostic challenge as she suffered from a HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder with predominant motor symptoms mimicking upper motor neuron disease. Functional imaging using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography provided evidence of involvement of several cerebral regions which exhibited a distinct pattern of relative cerebral hypermetabolism (subcortical, brainstem, and cerebellar regions) and hypometabolism (sensorimotor cortex, mesiofrontal, and mesiotemporal areas) and functionally corresponded to the clinical symptoms. The results of the positron emission tomography scan are discussed in comparison with the current positron emission tomography literature and future perspectives are illustrated.
ISSN:0363-9762
1536-0229
DOI:10.1097/RLU.0b013e3181abb655