Natural exposure of Dromedary camels in Sudan to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpes virus-1)

• Published in: Acta tropica 2009-09, Vol.111 (3), p.243-246
• Main Authors: Intisar, K.S., Ali, Y.H., Khalafalla, A.I., Mahasin, E.A. Rahman, Amin, A.S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Antigens, Viral - analysis; BHV-1; Biological and medical sciences; Camel; Camelus - virology; Cattle; Cell Line; ELISA; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods; General aspects; Herpesviridae Infections - epidemiology; Herpesviridae Infections - veterinary; Herpesviridae Infections - virology; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - isolation & purification; Human viral diseases; Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus; Infectious diseases; Lung - virology; Medical sciences; PCR; Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Sudan; Sudan - epidemiology; Viral diseases; Viral diseases with cutaneous or mucosal lesions and viral diseases of the eye
• ISSN: 0001-706X; 1873-6254
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.05.001

The occurrence of bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1) in camels was studied. A total of 186 pneumonic camel lungs were collected from slaughter houses at four different areas in Sudan during 2000–2006. Using sandwich ELISA 1.6% of 186 tested lungs were found positive for BHV-1 antigen, all were from Tambool at Central Sudan. Direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT) was used to confirm the BHV-1 ELISA positives, all ELISA positives were also positive. PCR was used to detect BHV-1 genome with three positive results. BHV-1 was isolated from two camel lungs in MDBK cells. Isolates were identified using ELISA and FAT. Indirect ELISA was used to detect antibodies to BHV-1 in 260 camel sera; 76.9% were found positive. Highest prevalence was observed in sera from Kordofan (84%) then Blue Nile (80%) and Tambool (76.3%). This is the first report for the detection of BHV-1 antigen, genome using PCR, isolation in cell culture and antibodies in camels in Sudan.