Subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis in India

• Published in: Journal of rheumatology 2006-02, Vol.33 (2), p.244-247
• Main Authors: GROVER, Sundeep, RAMANAND PRASAD SINHA, SINGH, Uttam, TEWARI, Satyendra, AGGARWAL, Amita, MISRA, Ramnath
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnostic imaging; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - epidemiology; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - physiopathology; Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research); Atherosclerosis - diagnostic imaging; Atherosclerosis - epidemiology; Biological and medical sciences; Blood and lymphatic vessels; Cardiology. Vascular system; Carotid Arteries - diagnostic imaging; Comorbidity; Diseases of the osteoarticular system; Female; Health Status; Hospitals, University; Humans; India - epidemiology; Inflammatory joint diseases; Joints - physiopathology; Medical sciences; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tunica Intima - diagnostic imaging; Tunica Media - diagnostic imaging; Ultrasonography
• ISSN: 0315-162X; 1499-2752

OBJECTIVE: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as compared to the general population. Indians are also at increased risk of developing early and severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Carotid intima-media thickness as measured by ultrasound is a validated surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. We studied the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in Indian patients with RA. METHODS: Common carotid IMT (CCA IMT) was measured at the level of carotid bifurcation along with fasting lipid profile in 57 RA patients and 45 age and sex matched controls. Values of mean CCA IMT above mean + 2 SD of the control group were defined as abnormal IMT. Variables of disease activity and severity were measured in RA patients. Patients and controls with known traditional cardiovascular risk factors were excluded from the study. Student t test and chi-square test for proportion were used for statistical analysis. A logistic regression analysis was done to find out independent predictors of abnormal IMT. RESULTS: Nineteen RA patients (33.3%) and 2 controls (4.44%) had abnormal IMT values. RA patients had significantly increased mean CCA IMT (0.558 +/- 0.137 mm) as compared to controls (0.416 +/- 0.002 mm; p < 0.0001). Age > or = 42 years, duration of disease > or= 6 years, and tender joint count > or = 5 predicted increased risk of having abnormal CCA IMT in a logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: One-third of Indian RA patients had subclinical atherosclerosis. Age and tender joint count were independent predictors of abnormal CCA IMT.