Influence of human genetic variation on nutritional requirements

Genetic variation is known to affect food tolerances among human subpopulations and may also influence dietary requirements, giving rise to the new field of nutritional genomics and raising the possibility of individualizing nutritional intake for optimal health and disease prevention on the basis o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2006-02, Vol.83 (2), p.436S-442S
Main Author: STOVER, Patrick J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Chronic Disease
Diet
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Expression Regulation
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetic Variation
Genomics
Genomics - trends
Humans
Nutrition
Nutrition Policy
Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Nutritional Requirements
Polymorphism, Genetic
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
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Summary:Genetic variation is known to affect food tolerances among human subpopulations and may also influence dietary requirements, giving rise to the new field of nutritional genomics and raising the possibility of individualizing nutritional intake for optimal health and disease prevention on the basis of an individual's genome. However, because gene-diet interactions are complex and poorly understood, the use of genomic knowledge to adjust population-based dietary recommendations is not without risk. Whereas current recommendations target most of the population to prevent nutritional deficiencies, inclusion of genomic criteria may indicate subpopulations that may incur differential benefit or risk from generalized recommendations and fortification policies. Current efforts to identify gene alleles that affect nutrient utilization have been enhanced by the identification of genetic variations that have expanded as a consequence of selection under extreme conditions. Identification of genetic variation that arose as a consequence of diet as a selective pressure helps to identify gene alleles that affect nutrient utilization. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying gene-nutrient interactions and their modification by genetic variation is expected to result in dietary recommendations and nutritional interventions that optimize individual health.
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/83.2.436S