Biomarkers and potential mechanisms of obesity-induced oxidant stress in humans

Objective: Oxidative stress may be the unifying mechanism underlying the development of comorbidities in obesity. Evidence suggests that a clustering of sources of oxidative stress exists in obesity: hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, increased tissue lipid levels, inadequate antioxidant defenses, incr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International Journal of Obesity 2006-03, Vol.30 (3), p.400-418
Main Authors: Vincent, H K, Taylor, A G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - therapeutic use
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - analysis
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes
Dietary restrictions
Enzymes
Epidemiology
Evidence-Based Medicine
Free radicals
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Humans
Internal Medicine
Lipid Peroxidation
Lipids
Medical sciences
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolism
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - physiopathology
Oxidation
Oxidative Stress
Oxidizing agents
Proteins
Public Health
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
review
Selenium
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Weight control
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Summary:Objective: Oxidative stress may be the unifying mechanism underlying the development of comorbidities in obesity. Evidence suggests that a clustering of sources of oxidative stress exists in obesity: hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, increased tissue lipid levels, inadequate antioxidant defenses, increased rates of free radical formation, enzymatic sources within the endothelium, and chronic inflammation. Method: This review provides a summary of the available evidence on systemic oxidative stress in humans and specific metabolic pathways by which obesity may elevate systemic oxidant stress. The authors suggest possible methods of reducing oxidative stress such as antioxidant supplementation, caloric restriction and/or physical activity and surgical intervention to combat free radicals and reduce adipose tissue. Results: Obesity is associated with oxidative stress and can be reduced with weight loss (regardless of exercise or surgery induced weight loss), caloric restriction or antioxidant rich diets. Conclusion: Oxidative stress levels are elevated in human obesity, and these levels are modifiable with various lifestyle modifications and surgical interventions.
ISSN:0307-0565
1476-5497
DOI:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803177