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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes: Part 2, A Meta-analysis of Neuromuscular Interventions Aimed at Injury Prevention
Female athletes have a 4 to 6 times higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury than do male athletes participating in the same landing and pivoting sports. This greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury, coupled with a geometric increase in participation (doubling each decade), ha...
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Published in: | The American journal of sports medicine 2006-03, Vol.34 (3), p.490-498 |
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description | Female athletes have a 4 to 6 times higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury than do male athletes participating in the same landing and pivoting sports. This greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury, coupled with a geometric increase in participation (doubling each decade), has led to a significant rise in anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. The gender gap in anterior cruciate ligament injury, combined with evidence that the underpinnings of this serious health problem are neuromuscular in nature, leads to the development of neuromuscular interventions designed to prevent injury. A systematic review of the published literature yielded 6 published interventions targeted toward anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention in female athletes. Four of 6 significantly reduced knee injury incidence, and 3 of 6 significantly reduced anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes. A meta-analysis of these 6 studies demonstrates a significant effect of neuromuscular training programs on anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes (test for overall effect, Z = 4.31, P< .0001). Examination of the similarities and differences between the training regimens gives insight into the development of more effective and efficient interventions. The purpose of this “Current Concepts” review is to highlight the relative effectiveness of these interventions in reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury rates and to evaluate the common training components between the training studies. In addition, the level of rigor of these interventions, the costs and the difficulty of implementation, the compliance with these interventions, and the performance benefits are discussed. This review summarizes conclusions based on evidence from the common components of the various interventions to discuss their potential to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury risk and assess their potential for combined use in more effective and efficient intervention protocols. |
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This greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury, coupled with a geometric increase in participation (doubling each decade), has led to a significant rise in anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. The gender gap in anterior cruciate ligament injury, combined with evidence that the underpinnings of this serious health problem are neuromuscular in nature, leads to the development of neuromuscular interventions designed to prevent injury. A systematic review of the published literature yielded 6 published interventions targeted toward anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention in female athletes. Four of 6 significantly reduced knee injury incidence, and 3 of 6 significantly reduced anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes. A meta-analysis of these 6 studies demonstrates a significant effect of neuromuscular training programs on anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes (test for overall effect, Z = 4.31, P< .0001). Examination of the similarities and differences between the training regimens gives insight into the development of more effective and efficient interventions. The purpose of this “Current Concepts” review is to highlight the relative effectiveness of these interventions in reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury rates and to evaluate the common training components between the training studies. In addition, the level of rigor of these interventions, the costs and the difficulty of implementation, the compliance with these interventions, and the performance benefits are discussed. 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This greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury, coupled with a geometric increase in participation (doubling each decade), has led to a significant rise in anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. The gender gap in anterior cruciate ligament injury, combined with evidence that the underpinnings of this serious health problem are neuromuscular in nature, leads to the development of neuromuscular interventions designed to prevent injury. A systematic review of the published literature yielded 6 published interventions targeted toward anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention in female athletes. Four of 6 significantly reduced knee injury incidence, and 3 of 6 significantly reduced anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes. A meta-analysis of these 6 studies demonstrates a significant effect of neuromuscular training programs on anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes (test for overall effect, Z = 4.31, P< .0001). Examination of the similarities and differences between the training regimens gives insight into the development of more effective and efficient interventions. The purpose of this “Current Concepts” review is to highlight the relative effectiveness of these interventions in reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury rates and to evaluate the common training components between the training studies. In addition, the level of rigor of these interventions, the costs and the difficulty of implementation, the compliance with these interventions, and the performance benefits are discussed. This review summarizes conclusions based on evidence from the common components of the various interventions to discuss their potential to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury risk and assess their potential for combined use in more effective and efficient intervention protocols.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Anterior cruciate ligament</subject><subject>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Joint and ligament injuries</subject><subject>Knee</subject><subject>Knee Injuries - epidemiology</subject><subject>Knee Injuries - prevention & control</subject><subject>Ligaments</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal</subject><subject>Physical Fitness - physiology</subject><subject>Postural Balance</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Skin & tissue grafts</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Women athletes</subject><issn>0363-5465</issn><issn>1552-3365</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqF0ktrGzEQAGBRWhon6b2nsrS0kMOmemt1NKZ5gCGX5iy02llXZlebSlpo_31lbDAOCUUHgeYbSTMMQh8JviZEqe-YSSa4FFjQhkqi36AFEYLWjEnxFi124XoXP0PnKW0xxkTJ5j06I5I1FGO1QHIZMkQ_xWoVZ-dthmrtN3aEkKv7sJ2jh1T5UN3AaAeolvnXABnSJXrX2yHBh8N-gR5vfvxc3dXrh9v71XJdO0FErttWC04t0I4L11sQrCOcctv3HVgiaYuF1Y0lFKRiTjiFO0LaopTuKcEdu0Df9vc-xen3DCmb0ScHw2ADTHMyUimMuZT_hURhjTkTBX5-BrfTHEMpwtCCuBKUFvTlNUS00poz3uiirvdqU1pjfOinHK0rq4PRuylA78v5slRMsRJql3B1klBMhj95Y-eUTHO7PrX1S9ZNwwAbMKXLq4dTj_fexSmlCL15in608a8h2OyGxTwflpLy6VDl3I7QHRMO01HA1wOwydmhjzY4n45OCdYQRY9_TbZ87diq1x7-B_E8zX0</recordid><startdate>20060301</startdate><enddate>20060301</enddate><creator>Hewett, Timothy E.</creator><creator>Ford, Kevin R.</creator><creator>Myer, Gregory D.</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine</general><general>Sage Publications, Inc</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8GL</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060301</creationdate><title>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes</title><author>Hewett, Timothy E. ; Ford, Kevin R. ; Myer, Gregory D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c515t-bb9542ae2d45cfae53d1424affdea162b05a98a12e673c5c70d11b53d79f210d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Anterior cruciate ligament</topic><topic>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Joint and ligament injuries</topic><topic>Knee</topic><topic>Knee Injuries - epidemiology</topic><topic>Knee Injuries - prevention & control</topic><topic>Ligaments</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal</topic><topic>Physical Fitness - physiology</topic><topic>Postural Balance</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Skin & tissue grafts</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><topic>Sports medicine</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>Women</topic><topic>Women athletes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hewett, Timothy E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ford, Kevin R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Myer, Gregory D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: High School</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hewett, Timothy E.</au><au>Ford, Kevin R.</au><au>Myer, Gregory D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes: Part 2, A Meta-analysis of Neuromuscular Interventions Aimed at Injury Prevention</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Sports Med</addtitle><date>2006-03-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>490</spage><epage>498</epage><pages>490-498</pages><issn>0363-5465</issn><eissn>1552-3365</eissn><coden>AJSMDO</coden><abstract>Female athletes have a 4 to 6 times higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury than do male athletes participating in the same landing and pivoting sports. This greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury, coupled with a geometric increase in participation (doubling each decade), has led to a significant rise in anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. The gender gap in anterior cruciate ligament injury, combined with evidence that the underpinnings of this serious health problem are neuromuscular in nature, leads to the development of neuromuscular interventions designed to prevent injury. A systematic review of the published literature yielded 6 published interventions targeted toward anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention in female athletes. Four of 6 significantly reduced knee injury incidence, and 3 of 6 significantly reduced anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes. A meta-analysis of these 6 studies demonstrates a significant effect of neuromuscular training programs on anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes (test for overall effect, Z = 4.31, P< .0001). Examination of the similarities and differences between the training regimens gives insight into the development of more effective and efficient interventions. The purpose of this “Current Concepts” review is to highlight the relative effectiveness of these interventions in reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury rates and to evaluate the common training components between the training studies. In addition, the level of rigor of these interventions, the costs and the difficulty of implementation, the compliance with these interventions, and the performance benefits are discussed. This review summarizes conclusions based on evidence from the common components of the various interventions to discuss their potential to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury risk and assess their potential for combined use in more effective and efficient intervention protocols.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>16382007</pmid><doi>10.1177/0363546505282619</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Anterior cruciate ligament Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Athletes Biological and medical sciences Care and treatment Diseases of the osteoarticular system Female Health aspects Humans Joint and ligament injuries Knee Knee Injuries - epidemiology Knee Injuries - prevention & control Ligaments Male Medical sciences Meta-analysis Muscle, Skeletal Physical Fitness - physiology Postural Balance Prevention Sex Factors Skin & tissue grafts Sports injuries Sports medicine Systematic review United States - epidemiology Women Women athletes |
title | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes: Part 2, A Meta-analysis of Neuromuscular Interventions Aimed at Injury Prevention |
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