Compositional and Sensory Comparisons between Normal- and High-Oleic Peanuts

• Published in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2006-03, Vol.54 (5), p.1759-1763
• Main Authors: Isleib, Thomas G, Pattee, Harold E, Sanders, Timothy H, Hendrix, Keith W, Dean, Lisa O
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arachis - chemistry; Arachis - genetics; Arachis hypogaea; Biological and medical sciences; carbohydrate content; Carbohydrates - analysis; color; fatty acid composition; flavor; food composition; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genotype; long chain fatty acids; off flavors; oleic acid; Oleic Acid - analysis; Peanut Oil; peanuts; Plant Oils - analysis; Seeds - chemistry; Sensation; sensory evaluation; Taste; tocopherols; Tocopherols - analysis
• ISSN: 0021-8561; 1520-5118
• DOI: 10.1021/jf052353t

The high-oleic-acid trait improves the oxidative stability of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and their products. The explicit effect of the trait on sensory quality, particularly on off-flavors associated with oil rancidity, has not been well documented. To assess the effect of the trait on off-flavors, data from two independent databases were analyzed to compare sensory quality and composition in normal- versus high-oleic peanut genotypes. In data collected using a sensory panel in the Department of Food Science at North Carolina State University, there were small differences between near-isogenic lines for intensities of the roasted peanut, astringent, over-roast, and nutty attributes, with the high-oleic lines exhibiting slightly greater intensities of those attributes. There were no differences for off-flavors such as fruity, painty, stale, moldy, or petroleum. In data collected from the multistate Uniform Peanut Performance Test and evaluated by a panel in the USDA-ARS Market Quality and Handling Research Unit (MQHRU) at Raleigh, NC, there were differences in chemical composition associated with the high-oleic trait, including differences in oil content, tocopherols, and carbohydrates in addition to the expected differences in fatty acid contents. There were small decreases in the intensities of the sensory attributes cardboard and painty associated with the high-oleic trait in the MQHRU data when all high-oleic lines were compared with all normal-oleic lines. Comparison of the near-isogenic pair NC 7 and N00090ol showed differences in oil and glucose contents, but not in sensory attributes. The high-oleic trait does not appear to have a major impact on sensory quality on average, although there were individual instances in which the trait was associated with shifts in sensory attribute intensities that may be perceptible to consumers. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L.; flavor; fatty acids; chemical composition