Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Release Is Higher in Visceral than Subcutaneous Human Adipose Tissue (AT): Implication of Macrophages Resident in the AT

• Published in: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2005-04, Vol.90 (4), p.2282-2289
• Main Authors: Bruun, Jens M., Lihn, Aina S., Pedersen, Steen B., Richelsen, Bjørn
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adipocytes - metabolism; Adipose Tissue - cytology; Adipose Tissue - metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Chemokine CCL2 - biosynthesis; Chromans - pharmacology; Endocrinopathies; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Interleukin-1 - pharmacology; Interleukin-8 - biosynthesis; Macrophages - physiology; Medical sciences; Metformin - pharmacology; Skin - metabolism; Thiazolidinediones - pharmacology; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - pharmacology; Vertebrates: endocrinology; Viscera - metabolism
• ISSN: 0021-972X; 1945-7197
• DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-1696

Human adipose tissue (AT) produces several adipokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Objective: Human AT cultures, isolated adipocytes, and stromal-vascular cells were used to investigate the relationship among AT-resident macrophages, MCP-1, and adiposity and the regulation of MCP-1. Results: mRNA levels of specific macrophage markers (CD68 and CD14) are correlated with adiposity in sc AT and visceral AT (P < 0.05). MCP-1 production is higher in stromal-vascular cells vs. adipocytes (P < 0.01) and correlates with macrophage markers in both AT compartments (P < 0.05). MCP-1 release is higher in obese subjects (P < 0.05) and in VAT (P < 0.01), but after adjusting for AT-resident macrophages, the differences disappear. MCP-1 is stimulated by IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-6 + IL-6-soluble receptor and is decreased by dexamethasone, IL-10, metformin, and thiazolidinediones. Discussion: MCP-1 is correlated with specific macrophage markers, adiposity, and AT localization, but the relationship seems to be related to the number of AT-resident macrophages. Despite this, MCP-1 may be involved in obesity-related health complications, and the decrease of MCP-1 by metformin and thiazolidinediones suggests that these antidiabetic compounds have antiinflammatory properties improving the low-grade inflammatory state observed in obesity.