Novel Insights into the Mechanism of the Ortho/Para Spin Conversion of Hydrogen Pairs: Implications for Catalysis and Interstellar Water

• Published in: Chemphyschem 2006-03, Vol.7 (3), p.551-554
• Main Authors: Limbach, Hans-Heinrich, Buntkowsky, Gerd, Matthes, Jochen, Gründemann, Stefan, Pery, Tal, Walaszek, Bernadeta, Chaudret, Bruno
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Astronomy; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; exchange coupling; Fundamental aspects of astrophysics; Fundamental astronomy and astrophysics. Instrumentation, techniques, and astronomical observations; hydrogen; interstellar chemistry; Molecular and chemical processes and interactions; spin conversion; water chemistry
• ISSN: 1439-4235; 1439-7641
• DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500559

The phenomenon of exchange coupling is taken into account in the description of the magnetic nuclear spin conversion between bound ortho‐ and para‐dihydrogen. This conversion occurs without bond breaking, in contrast to the chemical spin conversion. It is shown that the exchange coupling needs to be reduced so that the corresponding exchange barrier can increase and the given magnetic interaction can effectively induce a spin conversion. The implications for related molecules such as water are discussed. For ice, a dipolar magnetic conversion and for liquid water a chemical conversion are predicted to occur within the millisecond timescale. It follows that a separation of water into its spin isomers, as proposed by Tikhonov and Volkov (Science 2002, 296, 2363), is not feasible. Nuclear spin temperatures of water vapor in comets, which are smaller than the gas‐phase equilibrium temperatures, are proposed to be diagnostic for the temperature of the ice or the dust surface from which the water was released. Going for a spin: Exchange coupling is taken into account in the magnetic nuclear spin conversion between bound ortho‐ and para‐dihydrogen (see picture). This coupling has to be reduced for a magnetic interaction to effectively induce a spin conversion. The implications for liquid water, ice, and the nuclear spin temperature of water vapor in comets are discussed. ΔEop is the energy difference between the two lowest states and ℋ︁d is the Hamiltonian of dipole–dipole interactions.