Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate Multiple Independent Emergences of Parasitism in Myzostomida (Protostomia)

The fossil record indicates that Myzostomida, an enigmatic group of marine worms, traditionally considered as annelids, have exhibited a symbiotic relationship with echinoderms, especially crinoids, for nearly 350 million years. All known extant myzostomids are associated with echinoderms and infest...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Systematic biology 2006-04, Vol.55 (2), p.208-227
Main Authors: Lanterbecq, Deborah, Rouse, Greg W., Milinkovitch, Michel C., Eeckhaut, Igor, Hedin, Marshal
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Annelida - genetics
Annelida - physiology
Annelida - ultrastructure
Biological taxonomies
Character evolution
commensalism
crinoids
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Echinodermata - parasitology
echinoderms
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Host-Parasite Interactions
Molecular biology
molecular phylogeny
myzostomids
Parasite hosts
Parasites
Parasitism
Phylogeny
Ribosomal DNA
Seas
Symbiosis
Taxa
Worms
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Summary:The fossil record indicates that Myzostomida, an enigmatic group of marine worms, traditionally considered as annelids, have exhibited a symbiotic relationship with echinoderms, especially crinoids, for nearly 350 million years. All known extant myzostomids are associated with echinoderms and infest their integument, gonads, celom, or digestive system. Using nuclear (18S rDNA) and mitochondrial (16S and COI) DNA sequence data from 37 myzostomid species representing nine genera, we report here the first molecular phylogeny of the Myzostomida and investigate the evolution of their various symbiotic associations. Our analyses indicate that the two orders Proboscidea and Pharyngidea do not constitute natural groupings. Character reconstruction analyses strongly suggest that (1) the ancestor of all extant myzostomids was an ectocommensal that first infested crinoids, and then asteroids and ophiuroids, and (2) parasitism in myzostomids emerged multiple times independently.
ISSN:1063-5157
1076-836X
DOI:10.1080/10635150500481317