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Influence of Ethylene Action, Storage Atmosphere, and Storage Duration on Diphenylamine and Diphenylamine Derivative Content of Granny Smith Apple Peel

The application of diphenylamine (DPA) to prevent the apple peel disorder superficial scald can result in accumulation of a number of DPA derivatives resulting from C-nitration, C-hydroxylation, O-methylation, and N-nitrosation during fruit storage. As the presence of these compounds may be indicati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2006-03, Vol.54 (6), p.2365-2371
Main Authors: Rudell, David R, Mattheis, James P, Fellman, John K
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The application of diphenylamine (DPA) to prevent the apple peel disorder superficial scald can result in accumulation of a number of DPA derivatives resulting from C-nitration, C-hydroxylation, O-methylation, and N-nitrosation during fruit storage. As the presence of these compounds may be indicative of metabolic processes leading to superficial scald development, the contents of DPA and DPA derivatives were determined in fruits treated at harvest with DPA or DPA plus the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), which also prevents scald development. Influences of fruit maturity, storage environment, storage duration, and a 14 day poststorage ripening period on accumulation of DPA metabolites were also assessed. Poststorage ripening, 1-MCP treatment, and controlled atmosphere storage had varied effects on DPA derivative contents suggesting that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, such as •OH, •NO, and •NO2, or enzyme-catalyzed reactions may be present during certain ripening and senescence-related physiological processes. Definitive correlations between superficial scald incidence and contents of specific derivatives were not observed. Keywords: Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf; apple; superficial scald; diphenylamine; LC-MS; antioxidant
ISSN:0021-8561
1520-5118
DOI:10.1021/jf052460n