Real-time synthesis of bleeding for virtual hysteroscopy

In this paper we present a method for simulating bleeding in a virtual reality hysteroscopic simulator for surgical training. The simulated bleeding is required to be visually appealing while at the same time instantaneously responsive to any feedback that the surgeon may be conducing to the virtual...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Medical image analysis 2005-06, Vol.9 (3), p.255-266
Main Authors: Zátonyi, János, Paget, Rupert, Székely, Gábor, Grassi, Markus, Bajka, Michael
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bleeding
Blood Flow Velocity
Computer Graphics
Computer Simulation
Computer Systems
Female
Flow simulation
Hemorheology - methods
Humans
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy - methods
Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods
Models, Cardiovascular
Surgery, Computer-Assisted - methods
Surgical simulation
User-Computer Interface
Uterine Hemorrhage - pathology
Uterine Hemorrhage - physiopathology
Uterine Hemorrhage - surgery
Virtual reality
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Summary:In this paper we present a method for simulating bleeding in a virtual reality hysteroscopic simulator for surgical training. The simulated bleeding is required to be visually appealing while at the same time instantaneously responsive to any feedback that the surgeon may be conducing to the virtual environment. In order to meet these real-time requirements, we have based the simulation on graphical fluid solvers. These solvers primarily work best over a 2D domain. For correct visualization in the hysteroscopic simulator, it is, however, necessary to perform the simulation fully in 3D. Therefore in this paper we also present the design modifications for 3D graphical fluid solving and show how to use parallelization to maintain real-time behavior. We also discuss how the incorporation of massless particles into the simulation can improve the visual quality of the results by limiting numerical dissipation effects.
ISSN:1361-8415
1361-8423
DOI:10.1016/j.media.2004.11.008