Early Menarche and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescent Girls: The Fels Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of menarcheal age on changes in insulin, glucose, lipids, and blood pressure during adolescence and to assess whether body composition modifies this relationship. We examined 391 girls, a subset of Fels Longitudinal Study female participants (8...

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Published in:The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2005-05, Vol.90 (5), p.2718-2724
Main Authors: Remsberg, Karen E., Demerath, Ellen W., Schubert, Christine M., Chumlea, Wm. Cameron, Sun, Shumei S., Siervogel, Roger M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Pressure
Body Composition
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Child
Cholesterol - blood
Endocrinopathies
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Lipoproteins, HDL - blood
Lipoproteins, LDL - blood
Longitudinal Studies
Medical sciences
Menarche
Risk Factors
Vertebrates: endocrinology
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Summary:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of menarcheal age on changes in insulin, glucose, lipids, and blood pressure during adolescence and to assess whether body composition modifies this relationship. We examined 391 girls, a subset of Fels Longitudinal Study female participants (8–21 yr of age). Self-reported menarcheal age was classified based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III distribution, in which early menarche was at the 25th percentile or less (11.9 yr). Age at menarche was examined in relation to measures of body composition [e.g. fat-free mass (FFM) and percent body fat (PBF)], insulin resistance, blood pressure, and lipid profile. The effects of menarcheal age and body composition on cardiovascular disease risk factor changes were analyzed with serial data mixed models. Median menarcheal age was 12.7 yr (range, 9.8–17.0 yr), with 91 girls (23%) classified as early menarche. Girls with early menarche had more deleterious changes in insulin, glucose, blood pressure, FFM, and PBF levels than girls with average or late menarche. Menarcheal age adversely affected cardiovascular disease risk factor changes independent of age and changes in FFM or PBF. Girls with early menarche exhibited elevated blood pressure and glucose intolerance compared with later maturing girls, independent of body composition.
ISSN:0021-972X
1945-7197
DOI:10.1210/jc.2004-1991