Folate intake, alcohol use, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition 2006-04, Vol.83 (4), p.895-904
• Main Authors: Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z, Chang, Shih-Chen, Leitzmann, Michael F, Johnson, Karen A, Johnson, Christine, Buys, Saundra S, Hoover, Robert N, Ziegler, Regina G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; alcohol abuse; Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects; Alcohol use; Biological and medical sciences; Breast cancer; breast neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology; Breast Neoplasms - etiology; Clinical trials; Cohort Studies; colorectal neoplasms; Confidence Intervals; diet; Dietary Supplements; epidemiological studies; Epidemiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; folic acid; Folic Acid - administration & dosage; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; lung neoplasms; Menopause; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; ovarian neoplasms; Postmenopause; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; prostatic neoplasms; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; screening; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Vitamin B; vitamin supplements; women
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.4.895

BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies suggest that higher folate intakes are associated with lower breast cancer risk, particularly in women with moderate alcohol consumption. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between dietary folate, alcohol consumption, and postmenopausal breast cancer in women from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial cohort. DESIGN: Dietary data were collected at study enrollment between 1993 and 2001. Folate content was assigned on the basis of prefortification (ie, pre-1998) databases. Of the 25 400 women participants with a baseline age of 55-74 y and with complete dietary and multivitamin information, 691 developed breast cancer between September 1993 and May 2003. We used Cox proportional hazard models with age as the underlying time metric to generate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: The adjusted HRs were 1.19 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.41; P for trend = 0.04) for women reporting supplemental folic acid intake [>/=]400 [micro]g/d compared with subjects reporting no supplemental intake. Comparison of the highest with the lowest quintile gave adjusted HRs of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.31; P for trend = 0.56) and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.68; P for trend = 0.03) for food and total folate intake, respectively. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with breast cancer risk (highest compared with lowest quintile: HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.76; P for trend = 0.02); the risk was greatest in women with lower total folate intake. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that high folate intake reduces breast cancer risk; instead, they suggest that a high intake, generally attributable to supplemental folic acid, may increase the risk in postmenopausal women. However, our results confirm previous studies showing positive associations between moderate alcohol consumption and breast cancer.