Screening of traditional antidiabetic medicinal plants of mauritius for possible α-amylase inhibitory effects in vitro

• Published in: Phytotherapy research 2006-03, Vol.20 (3), p.228-231
• Main Authors: Kotowaroo, M.I, Mahomoodally, M.F, Gurib-Fakim, A, Subratty, A.H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alpha-Amylases - antagonists & inhibitors; alpha-Amylases - blood; alpha-Amylases - metabolism; Animals; Artocarpus - chemistry; Artocarpus heterophyllus; Biological and medical sciences; diabetes; Enzyme Inhibitors - isolation & purification; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; enzyme kinetics; General pharmacology; Hypoglycemic Agents - isolation & purification; Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology; Magnoliopsida - chemistry; Male; Mauritius; Medical sciences; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Plants; Plants, Medicinal - chemistry; Rats; starch blockers; traditional medicine; Water - chemistry
• ISSN: 0951-418X; 1099-1573
• DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1839

In this study, seven exotic/indigenous medicinal plants of Mauritius, namely Coix lacryma‐jobi (Poaceae), Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae), Artocarpus heterophyllus (Moraceae), Vangueria madagascariensis (Rubiaceae), Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae) and Syzigium cumini (Myrtaceae) were studied for possible effects on starch breakdown by α‐amylase in vitro. The results showed that only Artocarpus heterophyllus significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited α‐amylase activity in vitro. To confirm the observed effects, a further biochemical assay was undertaken to investigate the effects of Artocarpus heterophyllus on α‐amylase activity using rat plasma in vitro. It was found that the aqueous leaf extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited α‐amylase activity in rat plasma. The highest inhibitory activity (27.20 ± 5.00%) was observed at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. However, in both cases dose dependency was not observed. Enzyme kinetic studies using the Michaelis‐Menten and Lineweaver‐Burk equations were performed to establish the type of inhibition involved. In the presence of the plant extract the maximal velocity (Vmax) remained constant (1/150 g / L/s) whereas the Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km) increased by 5.79 g / L, indicating that the aqueous leaf extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus behaved as a competitive inhibitor. Results from the present study tend to indicate that Artocarpus heterophyllus could act as a ‘starch blocker’ thereby reducing post‐prandial glucose peaks. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.