In search of “master mindreaders”: Are psychics superior in reading the language of the eyes?

• Published in: Brain and cognition 2005-07, Vol.58 (2), p.240-244
• Main Authors: Dziobek, Isabel, Rogers, Kimberley, Fleck, Stefan, Hassenstab, Jason, Gold, Stefan, Wolf, Oliver T., Convit, Antonio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autism; Biological and medical sciences; Brain - physiology; Brain-behavior; Empathy; England (Reading); Expertise; Eye; Fantasy; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Language; Mental states; Middle Aged; Mindreading; Psychic; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Reading; Social attribution, perception and cognition; Social Cognition; Social Perception; Social psychology; Theory of mind; Visual Perception
• ISSN: 0278-2626; 1090-2147
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2004.12.002

Much of the effort to understand the brain substrate of theory of mind and empathy has involved the study of individuals with deficits in that domain, such as those on the autism spectrum. Studying individuals with presumed superior abilities in picking up social signals may yield important additional information. We predicted that psychic readers may have superior abilities and tested this by contrasting a group of 22 professional psychic readers with matched controls on a measure of theory of mind (“Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test) and a multidimensional measure of empathy [Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)]. Although psychic readers were not superior in reading the language of the eyes, they were shown to have more cognitive empathy, as measured with the “Fantasy” subscale of the IRI. We discuss the merits of research involving “experts” in social cognition and propose other possible groups of “master mindreaders.”