Impaired and repaired inhibitory circuits in the epileptic human hippocampus

This review focuses on the epileptic human temporal lobe, primarily on recent findings related to changes in hippocampal GABAergic interneuron circuits that have a central role in epileptogenesis. Relying on correlations to animal studies, we provide a functional interpretation of the different chan...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in neurosciences (Regular ed.) 2005-06, Vol.28 (6), p.334-340
Main Authors: Maglóczky, Zsófia, Freund, Tamás F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Brain
Calbindins
Epilepsy
Epilepsy - physiopathology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism
Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy
Hippocampus - pathology
Hippocampus - physiopathology
Hippocampus - ultrastructure
Humans
Interneurons - pathology
Interneurons - ultrastructure
Medical sciences
Nerve Net - physiopathology
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neural Inhibition - physiology
Neurology
Neuronal Plasticity - physiology
Neurotransmitters
Parvalbumins - metabolism
Recovery of Function - physiology
S100 Calcium Binding Protein G - metabolism
Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception)
interoception
electrolocation. Sensory receptors
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
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Summary:This review focuses on the epileptic human temporal lobe, primarily on recent findings related to changes in hippocampal GABAergic interneuron circuits that have a central role in epileptogenesis. Relying on correlations to animal studies, we provide a functional interpretation of the different changes in perisomatic inhibition (controlling output synchrony) and dendritic inhibition (controlling input plasticity), and the potential consequences of the loss of interneuron-selective interneurons. The highly heterogeneous, but specific, alterations of GABAergic interneuron circuits have important implications for the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy.
ISSN:0166-2236
1878-108X
DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2005.04.002