Sensitive Drug-Resistance Assays Reveal Long-Term Persistence of HIV-1 Variants with the K103N Nevirapine (NVP) Resistance Mutation in Some Women and Infants after the Administration of Single-Dose NVP: HIVNET 012

• Published in: The Journal of infectious diseases 2005-07, Vol.192 (1), p.24-29
• Main Authors: Flys, Tamara, Nissley, Dwight V., Claasen, Cassidy W., Jones, Dana, Shi, Chanjuan, Guay, Laura A., Musoke, Philippa, Mmiro, Francis, Strathern, Jeffrey N., Jackson, J. Brooks, Eshleman, James R., Eshleman, Susan H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AIDS; Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-HIV Agents - pharmacology; Antiretrovirals; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistance, Viral - genetics; Female; Genetic mutation; Genotype; Health care administration; HIV; HIV 1; HIV Infections - prevention & control; HIV-1 - drug effects; HIV-1 - genetics; HIV/AIDS; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Humans; Infant; Infants; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control; Infectious diseases; Mutation; Nevirapine - administration & dosage; Nevirapine - pharmacology; Polymerase chain reaction; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Viral Proteins - genetics; Women
• ISSN: 0022-1899; 1537-6613
• DOI: 10.1086/430742

BackgroundThe HIV Network for Prevention Trials (HIVNET) 012 trial showed that NVP resistance (NVPR) emerged in some women and children after the administration of single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP). We tested whether K103N-containing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 variants persisted in women and infants 1 year or more after the administration of SD-NVP MethodsWe analyzed samples from 9 women and 5 infants in HIVNET 012 who had NVPR 6–8 weeks after the administration of SD-NVP. Samples were analyzed with the ViroSeq system and with 2 sensitive resistance assays, LigAmp and TyHRT ResultsViroSeq detected the K103N mutation in 8 of 9 women and in 2 of 5 infants. LigAmp detected the K103N mutation at low levels in 8 of 9 women and in 4 of 5 infants. K103N was not detected by ViroSeq 12–24 months after the administration of SD-NVP but was detected by LigAmp in 3 of 9 women and in 1 of 5 infants. K103N was also detected in those samples by use of the TyHRT assay ConclusionsK103N-containing variants persist in some women and infants for 1 year or more after the administration of SD-NVP. Sensitive resistance assays may provide new insight into the impact of antiretroviral drug exposure on HIV-1 evolution