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Functional Hammerhead Ribozymes Naturally Encoded in the Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana

The hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz) is an autocatalytic RNA motif found in subviral plant pathogens and transcripts of repetitive DNA sequences in animals. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of unique HHRzs encoded in a plant genome. Two novel sequences were identified on chromosome IV of...

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Published in:	The Plant cell 2005-07, Vol.17 (7), p.1877-1885
Main Authors:	Przybilski, Rita, Gräf, Stefan, Lescoute, Aurélie, Nellen, Wolfgang, Westhof, Eric, Steger, Gerhard, Hammann, Christian
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Antisense RNA Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis - virology Arabidopsis thaliana autocatalytic RNA Base Sequence - genetics Complementary DNA DNA Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - genetics genes genome Genome, Plant Genomes hammerhead ribozymes Magnesium - metabolism Models, Molecular molecular conformation nucleotide sequences Nucleotides Nucleotides - genetics Polymerase chain reaction Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNA RNA, Catalytic - genetics RNA, Plant - genetics Viroids Viroids - genetics
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creator	Przybilski, Rita Gräf, Stefan Lescoute, Aurélie Nellen, Wolfgang Westhof, Eric Steger, Gerhard Hammann, Christian
description	The hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz) is an autocatalytic RNA motif found in subviral plant pathogens and transcripts of repetitive DNA sequences in animals. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of unique HHRzs encoded in a plant genome. Two novel sequences were identified on chromosome IV of Arabidopsis thaliana in a database search, which took into account recently defined structural requirements. The HHRzs are expressed in several tissues and coexist in vivo as both cleaved and noncleaved species. In vitro, both sequences cleave efficiently at physiological Mg²⁺ concentrations, indicative of functional loop-loop interactions. Kinetic analysis of loop nucleotide variants was used to determine a three-dimensional model of these tertiary interactions. Based on these results, on the lack of infectivity of hammerhead-carrying viroids in Arabidopsis, and on extensive sequence comparisons, we propose that the ribozyme sequences did not invade this plant by horizontal transfer but have evolved independently to perform a specific, yet unidentified, biological function.
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Academic</collection><jtitle>The Plant cell</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Przybilski, Rita</au><au>Gräf, Stefan</au><au>Lescoute, Aurélie</au><au>Nellen, Wolfgang</au><au>Westhof, Eric</au><au>Steger, Gerhard</au><au>Hammann, Christian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Functional Hammerhead Ribozymes Naturally Encoded in the Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana</atitle><jtitle>The Plant cell</jtitle><addtitle>Plant Cell</addtitle><date>2005-07-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1877</spage><epage>1885</epage><pages>1877-1885</pages><issn>1040-4651</issn><issn>1532-298X</issn><eissn>1532-298X</eissn><abstract>The hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz) is an autocatalytic RNA motif found in subviral plant pathogens and transcripts of repetitive DNA sequences in animals. 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Based on these results, on the lack of infectivity of hammerhead-carrying viroids in Arabidopsis, and on extensive sequence comparisons, we propose that the ribozyme sequences did not invade this plant by horizontal transfer but have evolved independently to perform a specific, yet unidentified, biological function.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Biologists</pub><pmid>15937227</pmid><doi>10.1105/tpc.105.032730</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects	Antisense RNA Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis - virology Arabidopsis thaliana autocatalytic RNA Base Sequence - genetics Complementary DNA DNA Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - genetics genes genome Genome, Plant Genomes hammerhead ribozymes Magnesium - metabolism Models, Molecular molecular conformation nucleotide sequences Nucleotides Nucleotides - genetics Polymerase chain reaction Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNA RNA, Catalytic - genetics RNA, Plant - genetics Viroids Viroids - genetics
title	Functional Hammerhead Ribozymes Naturally Encoded in the Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana
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