The response of pigs to being loaded or unloaded onto commercial animal transporters using three systems

• Published in: The veterinary journal (1997) 2005-07, Vol.170 (1), p.91-100
• Main Authors: Brown, S.N., Knowles, T.G., Wilkins, L.J., Chadd, S.A., Warriss, P.D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: animal behavior; animal handling; Animal Husbandry; animal stress; animal transport; animal welfare; Animals; Commerce; cortisol; Ease and speed; equipment design; equipment performance; Female; Heart Rate; Hydrocortisone - metabolism; Loading; Male; monitoring; Pigs; Saliva - metabolism; Salivary cortisol; skin temperature; Stress Disorders, Traumatic - physiopathology; Swine; Swine Diseases - physiopathology; Time Factors; Transportation; trucks; Unloading; Welfare
• ISSN: 1090-0233; 1532-2971
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.05.003

Groups of pigs were subjected to three different systems of loading and unloading to and from commercial animal transporters. The systems under trial were: the use of a hydraulic tail-lift, a tail board ramp at an angle of 18° and a modular system. The module was a container 2 m × 2.4 m × 1 m high into which the pigs were loaded. The module could then be lifted on and off the lorry with a fork lift truck. Non-invasive monitoring techniques were used to study the responses of the pigs. A subjective handling score, time taken to load and unload, skin temperature, heart rate and salivary cortisol were recorded. Loading and unloading were subjectively assessed as being easiest and quickest using the modular system, which also appeared to be less physically demanding for the animals, as evidenced by lower heart rate and a reduced maximum heart rate. However, with the modular system, elevated cortisol was found during the loading, unloading and resting periods. This could be interpreted as indicating that the pigs were unable to settle in the module and suffered some small degree of stress, which might become more of a problem during prolonged transport. Of the other two systems, there appeared to be little difference between the hydraulic tail-lift and the ramp.