Fatty acid incorporation is decreased in astrocytes cultured from α‐synuclein gene‐ablated mice

• Published in: Journal of neurochemistry 2005-08, Vol.94 (3), p.839-849
• Main Authors: Castagnet, P. I., Golovko, M. Y., Barceló‐Coblijn, G. C., Nussbaum, R. L., Murphy, E. J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Animals, Newborn; arachidonid acid; astrocytes; Astrocytes - metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Blotting, Western - methods; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex - cytology; Cholesterol Esters - metabolism; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases; docosahexaenoic acid; Esterification; fatty acid uptake; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods; Isolated neuron and nerve. Neuroglia; Medical sciences; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nerve Tissue Proteins - deficiency; Nerve Tissue Proteins - genetics; Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism; Neurology; palmitic acid; Phospholipids - metabolism; Synucleins; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs; α‐synuclein
• ISSN: 0022-3042; 1471-4159
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03247.x

Because α‐synuclein may function as a fatty acid binding protein, we measured fatty acid incorporation into astrocytes isolated from wild‐type and α‐synuclein gene‐ablated mice. α‐Synuclein deficiency decreased palmitic acid (16:0) incorporation 31% and arachidonic acid [20:4 (n‐6)] incorporation 39%, whereas 22:6 (n‐3) incorporation was unaffected. In neutral lipids, fatty acid targeting of 20:4 (n‐6) and 22:6 (n‐3) (docosahexaenoic acid) to the neutral lipid fraction was increased 1.7‐fold and 1.6‐fold, respectively, with an increase in each of the major neutral lipids. This was consistent with a 3.4‐ to 3.8‐fold increase in cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol mass. In the phospholipid fraction, α‐synuclein deficiency decreased 16:0 esterification 39% and 20:4 (n‐6) esterification 43% and decreased the distribution of these fatty acids, including 22:6 (n‐3), into this lipid pool. α‐Synuclein gene‐ablation significantly decreased the trafficking of these fatty acids to phosphatidylinositol. This observation is consistent with changes in phospholipid fatty acid composition in the α‐synuclein‐deficient astrocytes, including decreased 22:6 (n‐3) content in the four major phospholipid classes. In summary, these studies demonstrate that α‐synuclein deficiency significantly disrupted astrocyte fatty acid uptake and trafficking, with a marked increase in fatty acid trafficking to cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols and decreased trafficking to phospholipids, including phosphatidylinositol.