P2X7 receptors in the nervous system

P2X(7) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, expressed as homo-oligomeric assemblies of individual subunits. They are widely distributed at immunocompetent cells of the central and peripheral nervous system and are believed to be primarily involved in host-defense reaction. However, a growing amo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Progress in neurobiology 2006-04, Vol.78 (6), p.327-346
Main Authors: Sperlágh, Beáta, Vizi, E Sylvester, Wirkner, Kerstin, Illes, Peter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Central Nervous System - physiology
Humans
Neuroglia - physiology
Neurons - physiology
Peripheral Nervous System - physiology
Receptors, Purinergic P2
Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
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Summary:P2X(7) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, expressed as homo-oligomeric assemblies of individual subunits. They are widely distributed at immunocompetent cells of the central and peripheral nervous system and are believed to be primarily involved in host-defense reaction. However, a growing amount of evidence indicates that their signaling role in the brain is more widespread than previously anticipated. In this paper, we review the present knowledge on the structural and pharmacological features of the P2X(7) receptor, as well as its cell-type specific localization in the nervous system. Subsequently, the participation of P2X(7) receptors in distinct neuronal, astroglial and microglial functions are described. Finally, since they may play a prominent role in certain neurologic disorders, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury and sensory neuropathies, the pathological role and potential therapeutic exploitation of P2X(7) receptors are also discussed.
ISSN:0301-0082
DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.03.007