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HIV Induces Maturation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells and Langerhans Cells

In HIV infection, dendritic cells (DCs) may play multiple roles, probably including initial HIV uptake in the anogenital mucosa, transport to lymph nodes, and subsequent transfer to T cells. The effects of HIV-1 on DC maturation are controversial, with several recent conflicting reports in the liter...

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Published in:Journal of Immunology 2006-11, Vol.177 (10), p.7103-7113
Main Authors: Harman, Andrew N, Wilkinson, John, Bye, Chris R, Bosnjak, Lidija, Stern, J. Lewis, Nicholle, Monique, Lai, Joey, Cunningham, Anthony L
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container_title Journal of Immunology
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description In HIV infection, dendritic cells (DCs) may play multiple roles, probably including initial HIV uptake in the anogenital mucosa, transport to lymph nodes, and subsequent transfer to T cells. The effects of HIV-1 on DC maturation are controversial, with several recent conflicting reports in the literature. In this study, microarray studies, confirmed by real-time PCR, demonstrated that the genes encoding DC surface maturation markers were among the most differentially expressed in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), derived from human blood, treated with live or aldrithriol-2-inactivated HIV-1(BaL). These effects translated to enhanced cell surface expression of these proteins but differential expression of maturation markers was only partial compared with the effects of a conventional potent maturation stimulus. Such partially mature MDDCs can be converted to fully mature cells by this same potent stimulus. Furthermore, live HIV-1 stimulated greater changes in maturation marker surface expression than aldrithriol-2-inactivated HIV-1 and this enhanced stimulation by live HIV-1 was mediated via CCR5, thus suggesting both viral replication-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These partially mature MDDCs demonstrated enhanced CCR7-mediated migration and are also able to stimulate interacting T cells in a MLR, suggesting DCs harboring HIV-1 might prepare CD4 lymphocytes for transfer of HIV-1. Increased maturation marker surface expression was also demonstrated in native DCs, ex vivo Langerhans cells derived from human skin. Thus, HIV initiates maturation of DCs which could facilitate subsequent enhanced transfer to T cells.
doi_str_mv 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7103
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subjects Antibodies, Blocking - physiology
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cell Differentiation - immunology
Chemokine CCL21
Chemokines, CC - chemistry
Chemokines, CC - physiology
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte - immunology
Dendritic Cells - cytology
Dendritic Cells - virology
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Genetic Markers
Growth Inhibitors - physiology
HIV-1 - immunology
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Humans
Langerhans Cells - cytology
Langerhans Cells - virology
Membrane Proteins - biosynthesis
Membrane Proteins - genetics
Monocytes - immunology
Monocytes - virology
Receptors, CCR5 - immunology
Virus Activation - genetics
Virus Activation - immunology
title HIV Induces Maturation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells and Langerhans Cells
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