The molecular basis of vernalization-induced flowering in cereals

• Published in: Trends in plant science 2007-08, Vol.12 (8), p.352-357
• Main Authors: Trevaskis, Ben, Hemming, Megan N., Dennis, Elizabeth S., Peacock, W. James
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis thaliana; barley; Biological and medical sciences; Biology and morphogenesis of the reproductive apparatus. Photoperiodism, vernalisation; cold stress; Edible Grain - genetics; Edible Grain - growth & development; epigenetics; flowering; flowering locus T protein; Flowers - genetics; Flowers - growth & development; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; grain crops; homeodomain proteins; homeotic genes; Hordeum vulgare; literature reviews; MADS box genes; plant biochemistry; plant genetics; plant physiology; Plant physiology and development; plant proteins; Plant Proteins - genetics; Plant Proteins - physiology; plant reproduction; plant stress; Seasons; Triticum aestivum; Vegetative and sexual reproduction, floral biology, fructification; vernalization; wheat
• ISSN: 1360-1385; 1878-4372
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2007.06.010

Genetic analyses have identified three genes that control the vernalization requirement in wheat and barley; VRN1, VRN2 and FT ( VRN3). These genes have now been isolated and shown to regulate not only the vernalization response but also the promotion of flowering by long days. VRN1 is induced by vernalization and accelerates the transition to reproductive development at the shoot apex. FT is induced by long days and further accelerates reproductive apex development. VRN2, a floral repressor, integrates vernalization and day-length responses by repressing FT until plants are vernalized. A comparison of flowering time pathways in cereals and Arabidopsis shows that the vernalization response is controlled by different MADS box genes, but integration of vernalization and long-day responses occurs through similar mechanisms.