Worldwide variation in the performance of children and adolescents: An analysis of 109 studies of the 20-m shuttle run test in 37 countries

This study is a meta-analysis of 109 reports of the performance of children and adolescents on the 20-m shuttle run test (20-mSRT). The studies were performed in 37 countries and included data on 418,026 children, tested between 1981 and 2003. Results were expressed as running speed (km · h −1 ) at...

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Published in:Journal of sports sciences 2006-10, Vol.24 (10), p.1025-1038
Main Authors: Olds, Tim, Tomkinson, Grant, Léger, Luc, Cazorla, Georges
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Africa
Age Factors
Analysis of Variance
Asia
Australia
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Children
Climate
Europe
Female
fitness
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Linear Models
Male
Monte Carlo Method
Motor Activity
North America
Overweight
Physical Fitness
Research Design
Running - physiology
Sex Factors
shuttle run
Socioeconomic Factors
Task Performance and Analysis
variation
Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-d97ee4e72785d8c4907ea04f0551bb4bbbc030065800070aa11df85f61ae70e63
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-d97ee4e72785d8c4907ea04f0551bb4bbbc030065800070aa11df85f61ae70e63
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creator Olds, Tim
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Léger, Luc
Cazorla, Georges
description This study is a meta-analysis of 109 reports of the performance of children and adolescents on the 20-m shuttle run test (20-mSRT). The studies were performed in 37 countries and included data on 418,026 children, tested between 1981 and 2003. Results were expressed as running speed (km · h −1 ) at the final completed stage of the 20-mSRT. Raw data were combined with pseudodata using Monte Carlo simulation. The 20-mSRT performances were expressed as z-scores relative to all children of the same age and sex from all countries. An overall "performance index" was derived for each country as the average of the age- and sex-specific z-scores for all children from that country. Factorial analysis of variance was used to compare scores among countries and regions, and between boys and girls of the same age. There was wide and significant (P 
doi_str_mv 10.1080/02640410500432193
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The worst performing children were from Singapore, Brazil, USA, Italy, Portugal, and Greece (0.4 - 0.9 standard deviations below the global average). There is evidence that performance was negatively related to being overweight, as well as to a country's average temperature.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0264-0414</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1466-447X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/02640410500432193</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17115514</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Taylor &amp; Francis</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Africa ; Age Factors ; Analysis of Variance ; Asia ; Australia ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Children ; Climate ; Europe ; Female ; fitness ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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The studies were performed in 37 countries and included data on 418,026 children, tested between 1981 and 2003. Results were expressed as running speed (km · h −1 ) at the final completed stage of the 20-mSRT. Raw data were combined with pseudodata using Monte Carlo simulation. The 20-mSRT performances were expressed as z-scores relative to all children of the same age and sex from all countries. An overall "performance index" was derived for each country as the average of the age- and sex-specific z-scores for all children from that country. Factorial analysis of variance was used to compare scores among countries and regions, and between boys and girls of the same age. There was wide and significant (P &lt; 0.0001) global variability in the performance of children. The best performing children were from the Northern European countries Estonia, Iceland, Lithuania, and Finland (0.6 - 0.9 standard deviations above the global average). The worst performing children were from Singapore, Brazil, USA, Italy, Portugal, and Greece (0.4 - 0.9 standard deviations below the global average). There is evidence that performance was negatively related to being overweight, as well as to a country's average temperature.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Africa</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Asia</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Europe</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>fitness</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Monte Carlo Method</subject><subject>Motor Activity</subject><subject>North America</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Physical Fitness</subject><subject>Research Design</subject><subject>Running - physiology</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>shuttle run</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Task Performance and Analysis</subject><subject>variation</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Monte Carlo Method</topic><topic>Motor Activity</topic><topic>North America</topic><topic>Overweight</topic><topic>Physical Fitness</topic><topic>Research Design</topic><topic>Running - physiology</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>shuttle run</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Task Performance and Analysis</topic><topic>variation</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Olds, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomkinson, Grant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Léger, Luc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cazorla, Georges</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of sports sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Olds, Tim</au><au>Tomkinson, Grant</au><au>Léger, Luc</au><au>Cazorla, Georges</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Worldwide variation in the performance of children and adolescents: An analysis of 109 studies of the 20-m shuttle run test in 37 countries</atitle><jtitle>Journal of sports sciences</jtitle><addtitle>J Sports Sci</addtitle><date>2006-10-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1025</spage><epage>1038</epage><pages>1025-1038</pages><issn>0264-0414</issn><eissn>1466-447X</eissn><abstract>This study is a meta-analysis of 109 reports of the performance of children and adolescents on the 20-m shuttle run test (20-mSRT). 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The worst performing children were from Singapore, Brazil, USA, Italy, Portugal, and Greece (0.4 - 0.9 standard deviations below the global average). There is evidence that performance was negatively related to being overweight, as well as to a country's average temperature.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Taylor &amp; Francis</pub><pmid>17115514</pmid><doi>10.1080/02640410500432193</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record>
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1466-447X
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source EBSCOhost SPORTDiscus with Full Text; Taylor and Francis Science and Technology Collection
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Africa
Age Factors
Analysis of Variance
Asia
Australia
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Children
Climate
Europe
Female
fitness
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Linear Models
Male
Monte Carlo Method
Motor Activity
North America
Overweight
Physical Fitness
Research Design
Running - physiology
Sex Factors
shuttle run
Socioeconomic Factors
Task Performance and Analysis
variation
Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports
title Worldwide variation in the performance of children and adolescents: An analysis of 109 studies of the 20-m shuttle run test in 37 countries
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