Lactate and Sequential Lactate−Glucose Sensing Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Lactate production under anaerobic conditions is indicative of human performance levels, fatigue, and hydration. Elevated lactate levels result from several medical conditions including congestive heart failure, hypoxia, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Real-time detection of lactate can therefore be usef...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2007-09, Vol.79 (18), p.6927-6932
Main Authors: Shah, Nilam C, Lyandres, Olga, Walsh, Joseph T, Glucksberg, Matthew R, Van Duyne, Richard P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
Aqueous solutions
Biosensing Techniques
Chemistry
Exact sciences and technology
General, instrumentation
Glucose
Glucose - analysis
Glucose - chemistry
Humans
Lactic Acid - analysis
Lactic Acid - chemistry
Medical disorders
Multivariate analysis
Spectrometric and optical methods
Spectrum analysis
Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods
Surface Plasmon Resonance - methods
Surface Properties
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Summary:Lactate production under anaerobic conditions is indicative of human performance levels, fatigue, and hydration. Elevated lactate levels result from several medical conditions including congestive heart failure, hypoxia, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Real-time detection of lactate can therefore be useful for monitoring these medical conditions, posttrauma situations, and in evaluating the physical condition of a person engaged in strenuous activity. This paper represents a proof-of-concept demonstration of a lactate sensor based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Furthermore, it points the direction toward a multianalyte sensing platform. A mixed decanethiol/mercaptohexanol partition layer is used herein to demonstrate SERS lactate sensing. The reversibility of the sensor surface is characterized by exposing it alternately to aqueous lactate solutions and buffer without lactate. The partitioning and departitioning time constants were both found to be ∼30 s. In addition, physiological lactate levels (i.e., 6−240 mg/dL) were quantified in phosphate-buffered saline medium using multivariate analysis with a root-mean-square error of prediction of 39.6 mg/dL. Finally, reversibility was tested for sequential glucose and lactate exposures. Complete partitioning and departitioning of both analytes was demonstrated.
ISSN:0003-2700
1520-6882
DOI:10.1021/ac0704107