Changing patterns of postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis drug use in an academic anesthesia practice

• Published in: Journal of clinical anesthesia 2007-08, Vol.19 (5), p.356-359
• Main Authors: Wax, David, MD, Doshi, Ankur, BS, Hossain, Sabera, MS, Bodian, Carol A., DrPH, Krol, Marina, PhD, Reich, David L., MD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Anesthesia; Anesthesia & Perioperative Care; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Antiemetics - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Clinical trials; Dexamethasone - therapeutic use; Droperidol; Droperidol - therapeutic use; Drug dosages; Emergency medical care; FDA approval; Female; Humans; Information management; Labeling; Male; Medical sciences; Metoclopramide - therapeutic use; Ondansetron; Ondansetron - therapeutic use; Pain Medicine; Patient safety; Patient satisfaction; PONV; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - prevention & control; Postoperative nausea/vomiting; Prophylaxis; Retrospective Studies; Serotonin; Substance abuse treatment
• ISSN: 0952-8180; 1873-4529
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2007.02.008

Abstract Study Objective To characterize the evolution of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylactic drug use. Design Retrospective data extraction and analysis of electronic anesthesia records. Setting Anesthesia department of an urban academic medical center. Measurements 144,134 anesthetics given by 57 attending anesthesiologists were studied. Administered doses of droperidol, ondansetron, dexamethasone, and metoclopramide were tabulated for each year for each practitioner. Main Results Ondansetron use in the periods before and after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning concerning droperidol was 8% and 35%, respectively. Use of PONV prophylaxis increased for all included patient and anesthetic factors. Among those who used droperidol before the revised FDA warning, 61% stopped using it altogether. Afterwards, 75% (27-100%) of droperidol use was in combination with another agent. Conclusions We found a significant and sustained decrease in droperidol use after the FDA-mandated labeling revision. We also found a significant increase in ondansetron use—an increase that exceeded the amount needed to substitute for the decreased droperidol use. The changes may be related to multiple factors, including the FDA warning, a trend toward more PONV prophylaxis, and the increasing predominance of serotonin antagonists for this indication.