Selective early cardiolipin peroxidation after traumatic brain injury: an oxidative lipidomics analysis

• Published in: Annals of neurology 2007-08, Vol.62 (2), p.154-169
• Main Authors: Bayir, Hülya, Tyurin, Vladimir A., Tyurina, Yulia Y., Viner, Rosa, Ritov, Vladimir, Amoscato, Andrew A., Zhao, Qing, Zhang, Xiaojing J., Janesko-Feldman, Keri L., Alexander, Henry, Basova, Liana V., Clark, Robert S. B., Kochanek, Patrick M., Kagan, Valerian E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Apoptosis; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers - metabolism; Brain Injuries - metabolism; Cardiolipins - metabolism; Catalysis; Cerebral Cortex - metabolism; Cytochromes c - metabolism; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases; Injuries of the nervous system and the skull. Diseases due to physical agents; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Medical sciences; Mitochondria - enzymology; Mitochondria - metabolism; Multienzyme Complexes - metabolism; Neurology; Oxidative Stress; Phospholipids - metabolism; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Synaptosomes - metabolism; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; Wounds, Nonpenetrating - metabolism
• ISSN: 0364-5134; 1531-8249
• DOI: 10.1002/ana.21168

Objective Enhanced lipid peroxidation is well established in traumatic brain injury. However, its molecular targets, identity of peroxidized phospholipid species, and their signaling role have not been deciphered. Methods Using controlled cortical impact as a model of traumatic brain injury, we employed a newly developed oxidative lipidomics approach to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the lipid peroxidation response. Results Electrospray ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of rat cortical mitochondrial/synaptosomal fractions demonstrated the presence of highly oxidizable molecular species containing C22:6 fatty acid residues in all major classes of phospholipids. However, the pattern of phospholipid oxidation at 3 hours after injury displayed a nonrandom character independent of abundance of oxidizable species and included only one mitochondria‐specific phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL). This selective CL peroxidation was followed at 24 hours by peroxidation of other phospholipids, most prominently phosphatidylserine, but also phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. CL oxidation preceded appearance of biomarkers of apoptosis (caspase‐3 activation, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling–positivity) and oxidative stress (loss of glutathione and ascorbate). Interpretation The temporal sequence combined with the recently demonstrated role of CL hydroperoxides (CL‐OOH) in in vitro models of apoptosis suggest that CL‐OOH may be both a key in vivo trigger of apoptotic cell death and a therapeutic target in experimental traumatic brain injury. Ann Neurol 2007