Is smoking a risk factor for decreased semen quality? A cross-sectional analysis

Previous studies suggest a deleterious effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality, but their results have not been consistent. We studied the association between current smoking and semen characteristics and hormonal levels in a large group of healthy men. METHODS: From 1987 to 2004, seven separat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Human reproduction (Oxford) 2007-01, Vol.22 (1), p.188-196
Main Authors: Ramlau-Hansen, C.H., Thulstrup, A.M., Aggerholm, A.S., Jensen, M.S., Toft, G., Bonde, J.P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Azoospermia - etiology
Biological and medical sciences
Cross-Sectional Studies
Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Odds Ratio
Oligospermia - etiology
Risk Factors
Semen - cytology
Semen - physiology
Smoking - adverse effects
Sperm Count
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Summary:Previous studies suggest a deleterious effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality, but their results have not been consistent. We studied the association between current smoking and semen characteristics and hormonal levels in a large group of healthy men. METHODS: From 1987 to 2004, seven separate occupational or environmental semen quality studies were co-ordinated by our department. A total of 2562 men participated, each providing semen and blood sample and answering a questionnaire about lifestyle and factors related to health. Appropriate semen and smoking data were available for 2542 men. RESULTS: Adjusting for study, age and other covariates, we observed an inverse dose–response relation between smoking and semen volume, total sperm count and percentage motile sperm. Heavy smokers had a 19% lower sperm concentration than non-smokers. We found a positive dose–response relationship between smoking and testosterone, LH and the LH/free testosterone ratios. CONCLUSION: Current smoking in adult life moderately impairs the semen quality. It is well known that semen quality is associated to fecundity. Therefore, it would be sensible to advise men to abstain from smoking to avoid decreased fecundity.
ISSN:0268-1161
1460-2350
DOI:10.1093/humrep/del364