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Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Male Sexual Partners: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Background. Trichomonas vaginalis causes a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women, yet trichomoniasis in male sexual partners is not well recognized. Nucleic acid amplification tests can increase detection of T. vaginalis in men compared with culture. Methods. We conducted a prospectiv...
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Published in: | Clinical infectious diseases 2007-01, Vol.44 (1), p.13-22 |
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description | Background. Trichomonas vaginalis causes a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women, yet trichomoniasis in male sexual partners is not well recognized. Nucleic acid amplification tests can increase detection of T. vaginalis in men compared with culture. Methods. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate T. vaginalis infection among male partners of women with trichomoniasis and factors associated with infection by recruiting patients from 3 public clinics in the United States. Male partners were tested for concordant T. vaginalis infection, defined as a positive urethral culture, urine culture, or urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. A subset of men also provided a semen sample for T. vaginalis culture and PCR. Factors associated with concordant infection were determined from bivariable and multivariable analyses. Results. We enrolled 540 women with trichomoniasis (diagnosed using wet mount microscopy and/or culture) and 261 (48.4%) of their male partners. T. vaginalis infection was detected in 177 (71.7%) of 256 male partners (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.0%-77.3%), of whom 136 (77.3%) were asymptomatic. A vaginal pH of >4.5 in a woman was independently associated with infection in the male partner (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.3). Younger male age (20-29 and 30-39 years) was also found to be an independent risk factor for concordant trichomoniasis. Conclusions. The majority of male partners of women with trichomoniasis were infected; however, few factors predicted infection. T. vaginalis causes a highly prevalent STI, necessitating vastly improved partner management, application of sensitive nucleic-acid based testing, and better clinical recognition. |
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Seña ; Miller, William C. ; Hobbs, Marcia M. ; Schwebke, Jane R. ; Peter A. Leone ; Heidi Swygard ; Julius Atashili ; Cohen, Myron S.</creator><creatorcontrib>Arlene C. Seña ; Miller, William C. ; Hobbs, Marcia M. ; Schwebke, Jane R. ; Peter A. Leone ; Heidi Swygard ; Julius Atashili ; Cohen, Myron S.</creatorcontrib><description>Background. Trichomonas vaginalis causes a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women, yet trichomoniasis in male sexual partners is not well recognized. Nucleic acid amplification tests can increase detection of T. vaginalis in men compared with culture. Methods. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate T. vaginalis infection among male partners of women with trichomoniasis and factors associated with infection by recruiting patients from 3 public clinics in the United States. Male partners were tested for concordant T. vaginalis infection, defined as a positive urethral culture, urine culture, or urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. A subset of men also provided a semen sample for T. vaginalis culture and PCR. Factors associated with concordant infection were determined from bivariable and multivariable analyses. Results. We enrolled 540 women with trichomoniasis (diagnosed using wet mount microscopy and/or culture) and 261 (48.4%) of their male partners. T. vaginalis infection was detected in 177 (71.7%) of 256 male partners (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.0%-77.3%), of whom 136 (77.3%) were asymptomatic. A vaginal pH of >4.5 in a woman was independently associated with infection in the male partner (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.3). Younger male age (20-29 and 30-39 years) was also found to be an independent risk factor for concordant trichomoniasis. Conclusions. The majority of male partners of women with trichomoniasis were infected; however, few factors predicted infection. T. vaginalis causes a highly prevalent STI, necessitating vastly improved partner management, application of sensitive nucleic-acid based testing, and better clinical recognition.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1086/511144</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17143809</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: University of Chicago Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Articles and Commentaries ; Coinfection ; Culture Media ; DNA, Protozoan - analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infections ; Male ; Males ; Medical research ; Men ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Reproductive health ; Semen ; Semen - parasitology ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases - diagnosis ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases - epidemiology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases - parasitology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases - prevention & control ; Specimens ; STD ; Symptoms ; Trichomonas Infections - diagnosis ; Trichomonas Infections - epidemiology ; Trichomonas Infections - parasitology ; Trichomonas Infections - prevention & control ; Trichomonas vaginalis - genetics ; Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification ; Trichomonas Vaginitis - diagnosis ; Trichomonas Vaginitis - epidemiology ; Trichomonas Vaginitis - parasitology ; Trichomonas Vaginitis - prevention & control ; Urethra - parasitology ; Urine ; Urine - parasitology ; Vaginal Smears</subject><ispartof>Clinical infectious diseases, 2007-01, Vol.44 (1), p.13-22</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2006 The Infectious Diseases Society of America</rights><rights>Copyright University of Chicago, acting through its Press Jan 1, 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c325t-6cdc7efeb3ffe9fc8a6bd273f9458d6c20d29d36bea48ab935eea5ea6dfe5f1e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c325t-6cdc7efeb3ffe9fc8a6bd273f9458d6c20d29d36bea48ab935eea5ea6dfe5f1e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4485189$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4485189$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,58238,58471</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17143809$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Arlene C. Seña</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, William C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hobbs, Marcia M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwebke, Jane R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peter A. Leone</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heidi Swygard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Julius Atashili</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Myron S.</creatorcontrib><title>Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Male Sexual Partners: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention</title><title>Clinical infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Background. Trichomonas vaginalis causes a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women, yet trichomoniasis in male sexual partners is not well recognized. Nucleic acid amplification tests can increase detection of T. vaginalis in men compared with culture. Methods. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate T. vaginalis infection among male partners of women with trichomoniasis and factors associated with infection by recruiting patients from 3 public clinics in the United States. Male partners were tested for concordant T. vaginalis infection, defined as a positive urethral culture, urine culture, or urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. A subset of men also provided a semen sample for T. vaginalis culture and PCR. Factors associated with concordant infection were determined from bivariable and multivariable analyses. Results. We enrolled 540 women with trichomoniasis (diagnosed using wet mount microscopy and/or culture) and 261 (48.4%) of their male partners. T. vaginalis infection was detected in 177 (71.7%) of 256 male partners (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.0%-77.3%), of whom 136 (77.3%) were asymptomatic. A vaginal pH of >4.5 in a woman was independently associated with infection in the male partner (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.3). Younger male age (20-29 and 30-39 years) was also found to be an independent risk factor for concordant trichomoniasis. Conclusions. The majority of male partners of women with trichomoniasis were infected; however, few factors predicted infection. T. vaginalis causes a highly prevalent STI, necessitating vastly improved partner management, application of sensitive nucleic-acid based testing, and better clinical recognition.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Articles and Commentaries</subject><subject>Coinfection</subject><subject>Culture Media</subject><subject>DNA, Protozoan - analysis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Reproductive health</subject><subject>Semen</subject><subject>Semen - parasitology</subject><subject>Sexual Partners</subject><subject>Sexually transmitted diseases</subject><subject>Sexually Transmitted Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Sexually Transmitted Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Sexually Transmitted Diseases - parasitology</subject><subject>Sexually Transmitted Diseases - prevention & control</subject><subject>Specimens</subject><subject>STD</subject><subject>Symptoms</subject><subject>Trichomonas Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>Trichomonas Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Trichomonas Infections - parasitology</subject><subject>Trichomonas Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>Trichomonas vaginalis - genetics</subject><subject>Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Trichomonas Vaginitis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Trichomonas Vaginitis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Trichomonas Vaginitis - parasitology</subject><subject>Trichomonas Vaginitis - prevention & control</subject><subject>Urethra - parasitology</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Urine - parasitology</subject><subject>Vaginal Smears</subject><issn>1058-4838</issn><issn>1537-6591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpd0E1P3DAQBmCrApWv9hdUyOLAiVA7jr02N8TnSqAisT1HE2dMvUrsxU4Q_HuCdlUkTjOjefQeXkJ-cnbKmVa_Jee8qr6RXS7FrFDS8K1pZ1IXlRZ6h-zlvGSMc83kd7LDZ7wSmpldEhbJ23-xjwEyfYEnH6Dzmc6DQzv4GKgP9B46pI_4OkJHHyANAVM-o_N-1XkLHyhTFxO99PAUYvb5hC4SwtBjGE4ohJY-JHyZjkkekG0HXcYfm7lP_l5fLS5ui7s_N_OL87vCilIOhbKtnaHDRjiHxlkNqmnLmXCmkrpVtmRtaVqhGoRKQ2OERASJoFqH0nEU--R4nbtK8XnEPNS9zxa7DgLGMddKC6WYKSd49AUu45imEnJdcmOklIp_ptkUc07o6lXyPaS3mrP6o_56Xf8EDzdpY9Nj-8k2fU_g1xos8xDT_39Vacm1Ee_Rc4qE</recordid><startdate>20070101</startdate><enddate>20070101</enddate><creator>Arlene C. Seña</creator><creator>Miller, William C.</creator><creator>Hobbs, Marcia M.</creator><creator>Schwebke, Jane R.</creator><creator>Peter A. Leone</creator><creator>Heidi Swygard</creator><creator>Julius Atashili</creator><creator>Cohen, Myron S.</creator><general>University of Chicago Press</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070101</creationdate><title>Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Male Sexual Partners: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention</title><author>Arlene C. Seña ; Miller, William C. ; Hobbs, Marcia M. ; Schwebke, Jane R. ; Peter A. 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Seña</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, William C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hobbs, Marcia M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwebke, Jane R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peter A. 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Seña</au><au>Miller, William C.</au><au>Hobbs, Marcia M.</au><au>Schwebke, Jane R.</au><au>Peter A. Leone</au><au>Heidi Swygard</au><au>Julius Atashili</au><au>Cohen, Myron S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Male Sexual Partners: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention</atitle><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2007-01-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>13</spage><epage>22</epage><pages>13-22</pages><issn>1058-4838</issn><eissn>1537-6591</eissn><abstract>Background. Trichomonas vaginalis causes a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women, yet trichomoniasis in male sexual partners is not well recognized. Nucleic acid amplification tests can increase detection of T. vaginalis in men compared with culture. Methods. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate T. vaginalis infection among male partners of women with trichomoniasis and factors associated with infection by recruiting patients from 3 public clinics in the United States. Male partners were tested for concordant T. vaginalis infection, defined as a positive urethral culture, urine culture, or urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. A subset of men also provided a semen sample for T. vaginalis culture and PCR. Factors associated with concordant infection were determined from bivariable and multivariable analyses. Results. We enrolled 540 women with trichomoniasis (diagnosed using wet mount microscopy and/or culture) and 261 (48.4%) of their male partners. T. vaginalis infection was detected in 177 (71.7%) of 256 male partners (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.0%-77.3%), of whom 136 (77.3%) were asymptomatic. A vaginal pH of >4.5 in a woman was independently associated with infection in the male partner (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.3). Younger male age (20-29 and 30-39 years) was also found to be an independent risk factor for concordant trichomoniasis. Conclusions. The majority of male partners of women with trichomoniasis were infected; however, few factors predicted infection. T. vaginalis causes a highly prevalent STI, necessitating vastly improved partner management, application of sensitive nucleic-acid based testing, and better clinical recognition.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>University of Chicago Press</pub><pmid>17143809</pmid><doi>10.1086/511144</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Animals Articles and Commentaries Coinfection Culture Media DNA, Protozoan - analysis Female Humans Infections Male Males Medical research Men Middle Aged Polymerase Chain Reaction Prevalence Reproductive health Semen Semen - parasitology Sexual Partners Sexually transmitted diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases - diagnosis Sexually Transmitted Diseases - epidemiology Sexually Transmitted Diseases - parasitology Sexually Transmitted Diseases - prevention & control Specimens STD Symptoms Trichomonas Infections - diagnosis Trichomonas Infections - epidemiology Trichomonas Infections - parasitology Trichomonas Infections - prevention & control Trichomonas vaginalis - genetics Trichomonas vaginalis - isolation & purification Trichomonas Vaginitis - diagnosis Trichomonas Vaginitis - epidemiology Trichomonas Vaginitis - parasitology Trichomonas Vaginitis - prevention & control Urethra - parasitology Urine Urine - parasitology Vaginal Smears |
title | Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Male Sexual Partners: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention |
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