Effect of fish skin mucus on the soluble proteome of Vibrio salmonicida analysed by 2-D gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry

• Published in: Microbial pathogenesis 2007, Vol.42 (1), p.36-45
• Main Authors: Uttakleiv Ræder, Inger Lin, Paulsen, Steinar M., Smalås, Arne O., Willassen, Nils Peder
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aliivibrio salmonicida - chemistry; Aliivibrio salmonicida - growth & development; Aliivibrio salmonicida - pathogenicity; Aliivibrio salmonicida - physiology; Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry; Animals; Bacteriology; Biological and medical sciences; Chromatography, Liquid; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Fish Diseases - genetics; Fish Diseases - microbiology; Flagella - chemistry; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism; Microbiology; Miscellaneous; Mucus - chemistry; Proteins; Proteome; Proteomic analysis; Salmo salar - microbiology; Salmonidae; Skin mucus; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vibrio Infections - genetics; Vibrio Infections - microbiology; Vibrio Infections - veterinary; Vibrio salmonicida
• ISSN: 0882-4010; 1096-1208
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2006.10.003

Vibrio salmonicida is the causative agent of cold-water vibriosis in farmed marine fish species. Adherence of pathogenic bacteria to mucosal surfaces is considered to be the first steps in the infective processes, and proteins involved are regarded as virulence factors. The global protein expression profile of V. salmonicida, grown with and without the presence of fish skin mucus in the synthetic media, was compared. Increased levels of proteins involved in motility, oxidative stress responses, and general stress responses were demonstrated as an effect of growth in the presence of mucus compared to non-mucus containing media. Enhanced levels of the flagellar proteins FlaC, FlaD and FlaE indicate increased motility capacity, while enhanced levels of the heat shock protein DnaK and the chaperonin GroEL indicate a general stress response. In addition, we observed that peroxidases, TPx·Grx and AhpC, involved in the oxidative stress responses, were induced by mucus proteins. The addition of mucus to the culture medium did not significantly alter the growth rate of V. salmonicida. An analysis of mucus proteins suggests that the mucus layer harbours a protein species that potentially possesses catalytic activity against DNA, and a protein with iron chelating activity. This study represents the first V. salmonicida proteomic analysis, and provides specific insight into the proteins necessary for the bacteria to challenge the skin mucus barrier of the fish.