Morphology, mechanisms and pathology of musculoskeletal ageing

In general terms, the recognized alterations in circulating humoral factors (hormones, cytokines, growth factors) that occur in ageing, coupled with innate cellular senescence exaggerated by the slow turnover of many connective tissue cell populations and the age‐associated alterations in matrix mol...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of pathology 2007-01, Vol.211 (2), p.252-259
Main Authors: Freemont, AJ, Hoyland, JA
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult Stem Cells - physiology
ageing
Aging - pathology
Aging - physiology
Apoptosis - physiology
bone
Bone and Bones - physiology
cartilage
Cartilage, Articular - physiology
cell biology
Cellular Senescence - physiology
Collagen - physiology
Connective Tissue - pathology
Connective Tissue - physiology
Cytokines - physiology
Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology
Human Growth Hormone - physiology
Humans
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - physiology
intervertebral disc
Ischemia - physiopathology
ligament
matrix
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
musculoskeletal
Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena
Proteoglycans - physiology
Stress, Mechanical
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Summary:In general terms, the recognized alterations in circulating humoral factors (hormones, cytokines, growth factors) that occur in ageing, coupled with innate cellular senescence exaggerated by the slow turnover of many connective tissue cell populations and the age‐associated alterations in matrix molecule cross‐linking, predispose the elderly to altered connective tissue biology. These changes can be profound, leading to poor mobility, altered ability to withstand cold, weakness and an increased risk of falls, fractures and age‐associated ‘degenerative’ diseases, such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. As understanding of the causes of altered connective tissue function with age increases, it is becoming clearer that many of the predisposing factors (growth hormone, cytokines, load/life style) are potential targets for improving quality of life in the elderly. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISSN:0022-3417
1096-9896
DOI:10.1002/path.2097