Malnutrition during lactation changes growth hormone mRNA expression in offspring at weaning and in adulthood

• Published in: The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 2007-02, Vol.18 (2), p.134-139
• Main Authors: de Moura, Egberto Gaspar, Lisboa, Patricia Cristina, Custódio, Claudia Mota, Nunes, Maria Tereza, de Picoli Souza, Kely, Passos, Magna Cottini Fonseca
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: adults; Aging; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Biometry; Body Weight; dams (mothers); Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Expression - physiology; Growth Hormone - genetics; human lactation; kwashiorkor; lactating women; Lactation; Lactation - physiology; Male; Malnutrition; maternal nutrition; messenger RNA; pituitary hormones; progeny; Programming; Protein Deficiency - complications; protein energy malnutrition; pups; Rat; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger - analysis; somatotropin; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; very low calorie diet; Weaning; weanlings
• ISSN: 0955-2863; 1873-4847
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.04.002

Mothers' nutrition during lactation programs growth in their offspring. We studied the contribution of the growth hormone (GH) for this programming, evaluating GH mRNA expression. Lactating dams were grouped as follows: C, control diet with 23% protein; PR, 8% protein-restricted diet; and ER, energy-restricted diet, receiving the control diet in restricted quantities of the PR group's ingestion. Some pups were killed at weaning; the others received the control diet until they were sacrificed as adults. Pituitary GH mRNA was analyzed by Northern blot analysis. At weaning, the ER and PR animals had lower GH mRNA levels (−29% and −18%, respectively) and lower length as well as body weight. Ninety-day-old PR offspring showed a lower body length (−5%), whereas ER offspring showed a higher one (+5%); however, at 180 days, the lengths were not different. Both 90- and 180-day-old animals showed body weight differences against control animals, with PR offspring showing a lower (−10%) and ER offspring showing a higher (+12%) body weight. GH mRNA was higher in ER offspring at 90 and 180 days (+19% and +22%, respectively); it was lower in PR offspring at 90 and 180 days (−19% and −17%, respectively). Thus, we showed a direct relation between GH mRNA expression and length as well as body weight. We suggest that malnutrition during lactation may program GH mRNA expression patterns in adulthood and that these changes could be responsible for differences in growth patterns.