Comparison of plasma histamine levels after intravenous administration of hydromorphone and morphine in dogs

• Published in: Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics 2007-12, Vol.30 (6), p.516-522
• Main Authors: GUEDES, A.G.P, PAPICH, M.G, RUDE, E.P, RIDER, M.A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: adverse effects; analgesia; analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage; Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology; anaphylaxis; animal behavior; Animals; Behavior, Animal - drug effects; biomarkers; blood plasma; cardiovascular system; Dogs; dosage; dose response; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; drug evaluation; Female; Heart Rate - drug effects; hemodynamics; histamine; Histamine - blood; hydromorphone; Hydromorphone - administration & dosage; Hydromorphone - pharmacology; Infusions, Intravenous - veterinary; intravenous injection; morphine; Morphine - administration & dosage; Morphine - pharmacology; opium alkaloids; pharmacokinetics; salivation; sedation; sedatives
• ISSN: 0140-7783; 1365-2885
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00911.x

This study compared plasma histamine concentrations, behavioral and cardiovascular parameters following intravenous administration of hydromorphone and morphine in conscious dogs. Five adult female dogs received a 15-sec bolus injection of saline, hydromorphone (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) or morphine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) randomly at weekly intervals. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein before and at 1, 2, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after drug administration. Plasma histamine concentration, noninvasive oscillometric blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm were evaluated. Data were analyzed with repeated measures anova and Tukey-Kramer post hoc test with a 5% significance level. Median plasma histamine increased significantly only after the higher dose of morphine. Maximum plasma histamine measured was 0.8 ng/mL after saline and, after the lower and higher doses, respectively, 10.2 and 9.7 ng/mL for hydromorphone, and 440 and 589 ng/mL for morphine. One dog became hypotensive immediately after receiving the highest dose of morphine. Occasional ventricular premature contractions occurred in one dog after both opioids and dosages. No dogs vomited or defecated, but all salivated profusely with both opioids. Neuroexcitation occurred in four dogs following each opioid. In conclusion, intravenous hydromorphone induced minimal histamine release and was well tolerated by these conscious healthy dogs.