Fluctuating Asymmetry in Broiler Chickens: A Decision Protocol for Trait Selection in Seven Measuring Methods

Nonidentical development of bilateral traits due to disturbing genetic or developmental factors is called fluctuating asymmetry (FA) if such deviations are continuously distributed. Fluctuating asymmetry is believed to be a reliable indicator of the fitness and welfare of an animal. Despite an incre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Poultry science 2007-12, Vol.86 (12), p.2555-2568
Main Authors: Nuffel, A. van, Tuyttens, F.A.M, Dongen, S. van, Talloen, W, Poucke, E. van, Sonck, B, Lens, L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
accuracy
animal development
Animal Husbandry
animal morphology
animal performance
Animal Welfare
Animals
asymmetry
bilateral traits
body measurements
broiler chickens
Chickens - anatomy & histology
Chickens - growth & development
Computer Simulation
Decision Making
estimation
measurement
Models, Biological
poultry carcasses
statistical analysis
vigor
Weight Gain
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Summary:Nonidentical development of bilateral traits due to disturbing genetic or developmental factors is called fluctuating asymmetry (FA) if such deviations are continuously distributed. Fluctuating asymmetry is believed to be a reliable indicator of the fitness and welfare of an animal. Despite an increasing body of research, the link between FA and animal performance or welfare is reported to be inconsistent, possibly, among other reasons, due to inaccurate measuring protocols or incorrect statistical analyses. This paper reviews problems of interpreting FA results in poultry and provides guidelines for the measurement and analysis of FA, applied to broilers. A wide range of morphological traits were measured by 7 different techniques (ranging from measurements on living broilers or intact carcasses to X-rays, bones, and digital images) and evaluated for their applicability to estimate FA. Following 4 selection criteria (significant FA, absence of directional asymmetry or antisymmetry, absence of between-trait correlation in signed FA values, and high signal-to-noise ratio), from 3 to 14 measurements per method were found suitable for estimating the degree of FA. The accuracy of FA estimates was positively related to the complexity and time investment of the measuring method. In addition, our study clearly shows the importance of securing adequate statistical power when designing FA studies. Repeatability analyses of FA estimates indicated the need for larger sample sizes, more repeated measurements, or both, than are commonly used in FA studies.
ISSN:0032-5791
1525-3171
DOI:10.3382/ps.2006-00192