Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in Son La province, northern Vietnam

• Published in: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2005-11, Vol.99 (11), p.819-826
• Main Authors: Tran, H.H., Bjune, G., Nguyen, B.M., Rottingen, J.A., Grais, R.F., Guerin, P.J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bacterial diseases; Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data; Human bacterial diseases; Humans; Infectious diseases; Logistic Models; Male; Medical sciences; Risk Factors; Salmonella Typhi; Surveys and Questionnaires; Typhoid fever; Typhoid Fever - epidemiology; Typhoid Fever - prevention & control; Vietnam; Vietnam - epidemiology
• ISSN: 0035-9203; 1878-3503
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.05.007

Between July and December 2002, we undertook a hospital-based case–control study to identify risk factors associated with typhoid fever in Son La province, northern Vietnam. Among 617 suspected cases, 90 cases of typhoid fever were confirmed by blood or stool culture. One hundred and eighty controls (neighbours of typhoid cases matched for gender and age) were chosen. Participants were interviewed at home using a standardized questionnaire. Seventy-five per cent of cases were aged 10–44 years. No cases in patients aged less than 5 years were recorded in this study. In a conditional logistic regression analysis recent contact with a typhoid patient (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.7–6.2, P < 0.001), no education (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–3.7, P = 0.03) and drinking untreated water (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.0–7.5, P < 0.001) were independently associated with typhoid fever. Improving quality of drinking water must be a priority and health education strategies targeted at individuals with no schooling, and contacts of patients, would be expected to decrease the burden of typhoid fever.