Threshold elemental ratios of carbon and phosphorus in aquatic consumers

Inadequate supply of one or more mineral elements can slow the growth of animal consumers and alter their physiology, life history and behaviour. A key concept for understanding nutrient deficiency in animals is the threshold elemental ratio (TER), at which growth limitation switches from one elemen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecology letters 2006-07, Vol.9 (7), p.774-779
Main Authors: Frost, Paul C, Benstead, Jonathan P, Cross, Wyatt F, Hillebrand, Helmut, Larson, James H, Xenopoulos, Marguerite A, Yoshida, Takehito
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bioenergetics
Biological Evolution
Carbon - metabolism
carbon efficiency
Classification
Diet
ecological stoichiometry
Ecology
Ecosystem
Energy Metabolism
Food Chain
Invertebrates - chemistry
Invertebrates - physiology
metabolism
Nutritional Status
phosphorus
Phosphorus - metabolism
Water
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Summary:Inadequate supply of one or more mineral elements can slow the growth of animal consumers and alter their physiology, life history and behaviour. A key concept for understanding nutrient deficiency in animals is the threshold elemental ratio (TER), at which growth limitation switches from one element to another. We used a stoichiometric model that coupled animal bioenergetics and body elemental composition to estimate TER of carbon and phosphorus (TERC:P) for 41 aquatic consumer taxa. We found a wide range in TERC:P (77-3086, ratio by atoms), which was generated by interspecific differences in body C : P ratios and gross growth efficiencies of C. TERC:P also varied among aquatic invertebrates having different feeding strategies, such that detritivores had significantly higher threshold ratios than grazers and predators. The higher TERC:P in detritivores resulted not only from lower gross growth efficiencies of carbon but also reflected lower body P content in these consumers. Supporting previous stoichiometric theory, we found TERC:P to be negatively correlated with the maximum growth rate of invertebrate consumers. By coupling bioenergetics and stoichiometry, this analysis revealed strong linkages among the physiology, ecology and evolution of nutritional demands for animal growth.
ISSN:1461-023X
1461-0248
DOI:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00919.x